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Chapter 2  Critical Thinking
2.1 Critical Thinking Defined
You get idea about the “thinking” part of the term from the list of synonyms, but you also need to focus on the use of the term critical. The word critical can have a variety of meanings, many of which have unpleasant connotations, such as dangerous, grave, serious, crucial, momentous, derogatory, analytical, discriminating and judging. It is important to consider your own associations with the term “critical”. Teachers in many colleges and universities have found resistance to courses or lessons in critical thinking because many people confuse negative meanings such as faultfinding or derogatory with the skills of critical thinking. Yes, you may become expert at finding weaknesses in much of the communication you encounter, but that is not a goal of critical thinking so much as it is a reflection on the sad state of much communication. A critical thinker is skilled in serious, crucial, decisive, important, pivotal and discriminating thinking. Some of that thinking may produce positive evaluations, and some may produce negative evaluations. It will help you interpret complex ideas, appraise the evidence offered in support of arguments or claims, and make a distinction between reasonable and unreasonable communication. Thus critical thinking forms a complement to other ways of gathering and using information, such as your experience, intuition and feelings. These abilities are important in many ways, not the least of which is in your school work. Drawing conclusions from information involves much more than summarizing or rephrasing the information. Your training in critical thinking should equip you to evaluate the information that comes to you through careful analysis of that information – its content, sources, assumptions, methods, applications and limitations. Thinking critically does not come automatically; in fact, the influential people around you may have discouraged you from developing critical thinking skills. For example, students who constantly challenge assumptions can be annoying and take up a lot of time in the classroom.
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