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unlawful interference.
ATFM is typically organized with a centralized flow management unit. A flow management cell (or flow
management position) is established in each participating area control centre.
Communication, navigation and surveillance systems
Ground and/or satellite-based aeronautical communications (both air-ground and ground-ground), navigation and
surveillance systems necessary for safety and regularity of flights. Major elements of these systems are:
Communications: Ground and/or satellite-based facilities supporting aeronautical fixed service (AFS), aeronautical
mobile service (AMS) and aeronautical broadcast service.
1. Further guidance on determining and allocating costs of air navigation services is contained in the Manual on Air Navigation
Services Economics (Doc 9161).
ICAO’s Policies on Charges for
26 Airports and Air Navigation Services
Navigation: Conventional ground-based radio and visual aids to navigation, global navigation satellite system (GNSS)
and its associated augmentation systems in support of all phases of flight.
Surveillance: Primary/secondary surveillance radars and other ground/satellite-based facilities supporting the automatic
dependent surveillance (ADS) and/or ADS-Broadcast (ADS-B).
Meteorological services
All those parts of the meteorological services allocable to civil aviation, including in particular, among the facilities and
services whose costs are to be so allocated, those that furnish civil aviation with meteorological forecasts, briefs and
observations, as well as SIGMET information, VOLMET broadcasting material and any other meteorological data
provided by States for the use of civil aviation. The costs of all meteorological services provided to civil aviation should,
where appropriate, be allocated between air traffic services provided for airports and air traffic services provided
en-route. In States where more than one international airport is involved, consideration could be given, where possible,
to allocating the costs attributable to airport utilization between the airports concerned.
Other ancillary aviation services
All those parts of the services allocable to civil aviation of any permanent civil establishment of equipment and personnel
maintained for the purposes of providing such services as search and rescue, accident investigation, aeronautical charts
and information services.
— — — — — — — —
27
Appendix 3
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
The following terms are described as they apply in the context of these policies.
Air navigation services. This term includes air traffic management (ATM, see Appendix 2), communication, navigation
and surveillance systems (CNS), meteorological services for air navigation (MET), search and rescue (SAR) and
aeronautical information services (AIS). These services are provided to air traffic during all phases of operations
(approach, aerodrome control and en-route).
Air navigation services provider (ANSP). Any entity providing ATM and/or other of the air navigation services
mentioned above.
Autonomous entity. An independent entity established for the purpose of operating and managing one or more airports
and/or air navigation services, which is empowered to manage and use the revenues it generates to cover its
costs.
Annex 11. Refers to ICAO Annex 11 — Air Traffic Services — to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
Annex 16. Refers to ICAO Annex 16 — Environmental Protection — to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
Annex 17. Refers to ICAO Annex 17 — Security — Safeguarding International Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful
Interference — to the Convention on International Civil Aviation.
Benchmarking. The process of comparing performance between two or more organizations in order to make
improvements.
Best practices. Practices that, over time, have proven cost-effective, efficient and successful in bringing quality
products and services to the marketplace.
Commercialization. An approach to management of facilities and services in which business principles are applied or
emphasis is placed on development of commercial activities.
Corporate governance. Overseeing the running of a company or an entity by its management and its accountability to
shareholders and other interested parties.
Concession. The right to operate a certain commercial activity at an airport, commonly on an exclusive basis and
usually at a specified location.
Council. The Council of ICAO.
Depreciation of assets. The decrease in the value of an asset due to wear and tear through use, action of the elements,
inadequacy or obsolescence normally over a predetermined period of time (depreciation period/book life of the
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