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operation of air navigation services where this is beneficial for the providers and users concerned and with a view to
facilitating the efficient and cost-effective implementation of the ICAO Global Air Traffic Management (ATM) Operational
Concept on the basis of the guidance provided in the Global Air Navigation Plan (Doc 9750). (See also paragraphs 17
and 27.)
Best practices
16. The Council considers that States should review the governance structure of their airports and ANSPs and
ensure the use of best practices of good corporate governance, as applicable, with regard to: objectives and
responsibilities of the entities; shareholders’ rights and their treatment; responsibilities of the board; power and
accountability of management; relationship with interested parties; and disclosure of information. In order to promote
transparency, efficiency and cost-effectiveness in the provision of an appropriate quality of services and facilities,
airports and ANSPs should apply the principles of best practices in all areas of their business.
Charges collection
17. For the successful collection of charges for airports and ANSPs, it is essential that a collection policy be
established by an airport or ANSP, or where applicable by a State, and that the following functions be up-to-date:
national legislation; accurate invoicing; comprehensive and updated databases on airlines; a transparent cost recovery
system with fair and equal treatment of all users; precise and correct accounting; credit control; and enforced recovery
procedures. Regarding air navigation services, the Council recommends that States or their delegated service providers
consider participating in joint charges collection agencies whenever this is advantageous.
Economic oversight
18. The Council considers it important that States exercise their economic oversight responsibilities clearly
separated from the operation and provision of airports and air navigation services, with roles and powers clearly defined
for each function.
19. With reference to commercialization and privatization in the provision and operation of airports and air
navigation services, the Council recommends that the main purpose of economic oversight should be to achieve a
balance between the efforts of the autonomous or private entities to obtain the optimal effects of commercialization or
privatization and those public policy objectives that include, but are not limited to, the following:
i) Minimize the risk of airports and ANSPs engaging in anti-competitive practices or abusing their
dominant position;
ii) Ensure non-discrimination and transparency in the application of charges;
iii) Ascertain that investments in capacity meet current and future demand; and
iv) Protect the interests of passengers and other end users.
I. General 5
To promote these objectives, consistent with the form of economic oversight adopted, States should ensure that airports
and ANSPs consult with users and that appropriate performance management systems are in place.
20. The Council also recommends that States should select the appropriate form of economic oversight
according to their specific circumstances, while keeping regulatory interventions at a minimum and as required. When
deciding on an appropriate form of economic oversight, the degree of competition, the costs and benefits related to
alternative forms of oversight, as well as the legal, institutional and governance frameworks should be taken into
consideration.
21. The Council recommends that States consider adopting a regional approach to economic oversight where
individual States lack the capacity to adequately perform their economic oversight responsibilities.
Economic performance and minimum reporting requirements
22. The Council recognizes that performance management is an important management tool for providers,
users and regulators. The Council therefore recommends that States, within their economic oversight responsibilities,
ensure that providers develop and implement appropriate performance management systems that include:
i) Defining performance objectives with the purpose, as a minimum, to continuously improve
performance in four key performance areas (KPAs), i.e. safety, quality of service, productivity and
cost-effectiveness, it being understood that States may choose additional KPAs according to their
objectives and their particular circumstances;
ii) Selecting and reporting at least one relevant performance indicator and its target for each of the KPAs
selected;
iii) Using the results to evaluate and improve performance; and
iv) Undertaking consultations with users and other interested parties to achieve a mutual understanding
and consensus, where appropriate, on performance objectives, level of performance targets and plans
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国际民航组织关于机场和空中航行服务收费的政策(16)
