CAP 737 Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training 机组资源管理培训(85)

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The technique of facilitation allows this process to occur, although it is not just for the poor performer nor for the development of attitudes. Facilitation can be equally used to reinforce effective behaviour because it gives people an understanding of why they are good which encourages their continued development. Furthermore it can be used in the development of skills and even knowledge, because it is an effective tool for allowing self analysis and in depth thought, which is an easier way for people to learn, as there is less recourse to memory techniques. The skills of self analysis are not just to get the most from the training session, but can also be continually used for self development on the line.
Table 1 Differences between Instruction and Facilitation
Instructing  Facilitating 
1. What do the words imply?  Telling, showing  Making easy, enabling 
2. What is the aim?  Transfer knowledge and develop skills  Gain insight / self analysis to enable an attitude change 
3. Who knows the subject?  Instructor  Both 
4. Who has the experience  Instructor  Both 
5. What is the relationship?  Top down  Equal 
6. Who sets the agenda  Instructor  Both 
7. Who talks the most?  Instructor  Student 
8. What is the timescale?  Finite  Infinite 
9. Where is the focus?  Instructor / task  Student / attitudes / behaviour 
10. What is the workload?  Medium / high  Intense 
11. What are trainers thoughts?  Judgemental  Non-judgemental 
12. How is progress evaluated?  Test  Observation / self assessment 

Dr Guy Smith NWA
CAP 737  Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training
Notes on Table 
1  Although instructors have used facilitation techniques naturally for many years; in its purest sense instructing has a lot to do with telling, demonstrating and checking that the task is being done in accordance with a standard. Whereas facilitation means that students are given the opportunity to discover what they are doing and the effect it has on others and the task, so that they can make the decision themselves to alter their behaviour or even reinforce any positive behaviour. This process should be made as easy as possible. 
2  The principle purpose of instructing is to transfer knowledge and skills efficiently, whereas with facilitation the principle purpose is to encourage a change in attitude or behaviour by the student gaining insight or becoming aware of what they are doing, and being motivated to change. People tend to only do things that they want to do; so telling people that they are wrong and need to change is rarely effective. People generally do not behave in a way that they think is wrong. They are aware that others might disapprove, but they will rationalise their behaviour as being appropriate under the circumstances. Telling them that you think they are wrong gives them no new information and often motivates them to continue their current behaviour. The key is for them to understand why others disapprove and the consequences of continuing as they are. 
　
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