CAP 737 Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training 机组资源管理培训(159)

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Decision making  Overview 
Communication and co-ordination inside and outside the cockpit 
Leadership and team behaviour synergy 
Automation, philosophy of the use of automation (if relevant to the type)  As required  In depth  In depth  As required  As required 
Specific type- related differences  Not required 
Case based studies  In depth  In depth  In depth  In depth  As appropriate 

Appendix E

An introduction to the NOTECHS behavioural marker system
The NOTECHS project
The NOTECHS project was sponsored by EC DGVII and the CAAs of France, Netherlands, Germany, and UK and ran from March 1997 until March 1998. The central goal of the NOTECHS project was to provide guidance for a feasible and efficient method for assessing an individual pilot's non-technical skills by instructor pilots and examiners during both training and check events in a multi-crew environment.
The NOTECHS report may be downloaded from http://www.nlr.nl/public/library/1999-1/98518-tp.pdf
The NOTECHS behavioural marker system
The NOTECHS marker system was constructed from an inventory of existing systems. Non-technical skills (NTS) are defined as "those skills that refer to a crew members attitudes and behaviours in the cockpit, not directly related to aircraft control, system management and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)."
Components of NTS
The review of existing methods exposed a large number of NTS labels and descriptors, each with their own specific meaning. A new framework was therefore created covering the whole range of NTS, based on the descriptors gathered in the review.
This framework consists of four Categories: Co-operation Leadership and managerial skills Situation Awareness Decision making
Each Category is subdivided into a number of Elements. Figure 1 shows the Elements in the Co-operation Category and behavioural examples for one Element. The Categories and Elements are formulated to be mutually exclusive but, given the interdependence of the various non-technical skills required in flight deck operations, this will not always be achievable. The terminology attempts to reflect everyday language for describing behaviour. Although the precise naming and positioning of the words within the framework is not that important, examiners, instructors and flight crew using the framework must all have the same understanding of the NOTECHS concepts. NOTECHS provides behavioural examples that assist in standardising assessments.1
1.  Anyone familiar with CRM or NTS will immediately spot the absence of Communication as one of the main Categories. However, good communication is crucial to the performance of all non-technical skills and thus does not receive a separate classification.

Figure 1  The NOTECHS descriptive framework consists of Categories, Elements and behavioural examples
　
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