CAP 737 Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training 机组资源管理培训(29)

6 Record Keeping
Records of all checks conducted by examiners must be kept for a period of three years. These records should show the instructional course dates, the type of course or check, the name(s) of the candidate(s) and the type of simulator or aircraft (if any) that was used.
Chapter 7 Assessment of Flight Crew CRM Skills
1 Introduction
In order to ascertain whether CRM training has been effective, it would be necessary to assess the CRM skills of flight crew members from time to time. CRM assessment is inevitable and essential if standards that address this major threat to safety are to be maintained and improved. However, if implemented inappropriately, assessment could be potentially damaging to increased safety in the long term. Trainers and examiners may be reluctant to explore CRM issues, so the objective of having CRM discussed in depth during briefings might be threatened.
Some methods exist for assessment of CRM skills (the NOTECHS system being one method), but operators and training providers are advised to familiarise themselves with the arguments concerning assessment of CRM and the application of behavioural marker systems before implementing such assessment. Some papers on the subject can be found on the CRM page of the Royal Aeronautical Society Human Factors Group website: www.raes-hfg.com.
2 Assessment Requirement
Assessment is the process of observing, recording, interpreting and evaluating, where appropriate, crew performance and knowledge against a required standard in the context of overall performance. It includes the concept of self-critique and feedback which can be given continuously during training, or in summary following a check.
JAR-OPS requires that assessment of CRM skills is carried out only on the Line Check. This assessment is in accordance with a methodology acceptable to the CAA and the purpose is to: (i) provide feedback to the crew collectively and individually and serve to identify retraining where necessary, and (ii) be used to improve the CRM training system.
At all other stages of the CRM training process, i.e. initial CRM training, operators conversion course CRM training (whether a change of aircraft type or a change of operator), command course CRM training and recurrent CRM training; CRM should NOT be assessed. However, there remains a requirement that crew members progress through the CRM training cycle should be evaluated such that feedback can be provided to the individual, any requirement for retraining can be identified, and continued improvement of the CRM training system can be implemented.
The subtle difference between assessment and evaluation is that assessment is made against a required standard. An assessment below that required will require the pilot’s CRM performance to be recorded as unsatisfactory and may require remedial training. CRM skills assessment should be included in an overall assessment of the flight crew member’s performance and should be in accordance with approved standards. When operating in a multi-pilot role it may be difficult to make an assessment of an individual crew member. However, this should be done where possible in order that the pilot concerned gains maximum advantage from the assessment and any recommendations that the instructor may make. If it is not possible to make individual assessments then this should be done as a crew. Individual assessments are not appropriate until the crew member has completed the full cycle of CRM recurrent training.
　
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