CAP 737 Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training 机组资源管理培训(115)

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Instructor/evaluators represent the front line of ACRM implementation, and steps should be taken to make sure they are informed, practiced, and comfortable with the new training. Experience has shown that certain activities will help develop instructor/ evaluators into a training and assessment team. These activities include having training sessions where the instructor/evaluators establish a good level of agreement in their assessment of CRM performance. Accurate and timely feedback should be given to instructors prior to and throughout ACRM implementation. In addition, standardisation meetings should be planned to allow the instructors to voice problems and to work as a team to identify solutions to those problems.
A key to ongoing successful implementation is the reporting and use of crew performance data. Once an airline has established that they are collecting reliable and stable data, they should start reporting crew performance data and trends to appropriate departments within the organisation. Different types of data and formats should be used when reporting to the crew, the instructors, fleets, or management. When properly reported, that data will direct changes or additions to the CRM procedures and modifications to ACRM training.
Part 6 of the Manual provides guidance on how to implement ACRM within the organisation, discusses the important implementation requirements, and presents considerations for keeping a standard assessment and collecting usable performance data.

2.10 Promoting a Standard CRM for Crews
Both training and flight operations should benefit from ACRM. The crews are a major beneficiary in that they are provided with a standard, proceduralised form of CRM. CRM procedures promote a predictable form of crew co-ordination that is shared and understood by all crewmembers. This results in a more standard crew performance that helps crewmembers participate in planning, decision making, and situation awareness.
Research has shown that predictable patterns of interaction, especially in the area of crew communication (Kanki, Lozito, and Foushee, 1989) are associated with better performing flightcrews. It has been suggested that when communication is more predictable it tends to be more reliable and more likely to succeed. CRM procedures promote that standard crew communication and co-ordination which should result in improved crew decision making and situation awareness.

2.11 Standardising CRM Training and Assessment
The airline benefits from ACRM through the development of a standard CRM training and assessment process. CRM procedures allow instructors to focus their training on key areas of the operation and allow the evaluators to concentrate on well specified areas of crew performance. This promotes a standard training and assessment environment.
One complaint about CRM training has been the lack of objective standards leading to a range of performance and, ultimately, to substantial variability in the effectiveness of CRM. ACRM addresses this problem on two critical fronts by 1) providing clear procedures for the crews to follow, and 2) giving airlines a set of unambiguous standards for the assessment of crew performance.
　
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