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Weapons optimized for concept of employment. If using direct attack munitions (short range), then a robust signature reduction design, or stand-off weapons with appropriate support from on-board or off-board sensors to find, fix, track and target intended threats must be employed.
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The use of direct attack munitions is a major cost avoidance compared to the integration and use of stand-off weapons.
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However, stand-off weapons provide an opportunity to relax signature design requirements and thus
avoid significant low-observable costs. Execution of the reactive SEAD mission implies further design criteria:
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Enemy defensive systems’ operations must be detected rapidly implying an onboard capability to detect threats, or a well integrated system of systems.
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Reaction time from detection to neutralization of the enemy defenses must be very short (seconds).
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When using weapons to neutralize defenses, the flight time of the weapon must be reduced by the ability to stand in close to the target (high survivability) or by the use of a high-speed weapon.
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Robust, anti-jam, data links are required.
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Reactive SEAD will require low latency human interaction with the system – or high autonomy within the system for determination of ROE criteria.
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Reactive SEAD implies the integration of manned and unmanned aircraft in a single strike event. Strike/SEAD summary. The era of UA contribution to strike missions has arrived and SEAD missions are just dawning with the J-UCAS program. Availability will add new options in the application of force, and promises to reduce the cost of our armed forces. It should be noted, that for the foreseeable future UA are not a complete replacement for manned aircraft. UA can bring enhancements to mission capability (e.g. risk-free close approach to heavily defended targets) but will continue to only satisfy a portion of the many missions strike assets cover. Close air support is an example of one such area where the use of a UA to deliver ordnance in very close proximity to friendly forces will face technical, employment, and cultural barriers that imply that manned aircraft programs must continue to provide the
solution, at least for the near- and mid-term. There will be an impact on the total numbers of manned systems that must be acquired.
Electronic Attack
EA is the use of electromagnetic energy to prevent or reduce an enemy’s effective use of the electromagnetic spectrum and employment of weapons that use either electromagnetic or directed energy as their primary destructive mechanism. Many of the attributes that make UA attractive for SEAD also make them attractive for the EA mission because UA can theoretically achieve levels of survivability that manned aircraft cannot. Signature control without the need for human caretaking becomes less difficult. Additionally, maneuverability could be increased beyond human tolerances to enhance survivability. Finally, as stated before, should survivability measures fail, the use of an unmanned system removes the risk of losing a human life – arguably one of the strongest reasons for using a UA in a combat situation. Many challenges remain for developers and tacticians, but the EA mission is being considered for both the Air Force’s and Navy’s J-UCAS. EA concepts of employment may include jamming or employment
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