无人机系统路线图 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap(165)

曝光台 注意防骗 网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者

From the DoD perspective, three critical issues must be addressed in order to supplant the COA process:  UA reliability, FAA regulations, and a S&A capability.  Focusing on the regulatory aspect, air traffic management procedures must be addressed with the FAA.  Aircraft airworthiness certification and aircrew qualification standards must be addressed in parallel within DoD.
OSD and FAA, working through the DoD Policy Board on Federal Aviation (PBFA), are engaged in establishing the air traffic regulatory infrastructure for integrating military UA into the NAS.  By limiting this effort’s focus to traffic management of domestic flight operations by military UA, it is hoped to establish a solid precedent that can be extended to public and civil UA domestically, and to civil and military flights in international and non-U.S. airspace.  As depicted in Figure F-1, this initiative (shown by the lower-left block below) is intended to serve as the first brick in the larger, interwoven wall of regulations governing worldwide aviation. Precepts include:
.  
Do no harm. Avoid new initiatives; enacting regulations for the military user that would adversely impact 1) the Services’ right to self-certify aircraft and aircrews, 2) air traffic control practices or procedures, or 3) manned aviation CONOPS or TTPs; or unnecessarily restrict civilian or commercial flights. Where feasible, leave “hooks” in place to facilitate the adaptation of these regulations for civil use. This also applies to recognizing that “one size does NOT fit all” when it comes to establishing regulations for the wide range in size and performance of DoD UA.

.  
Conform rather than create. Interpret the existing Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (formerly known as Federal Aviation Regulations, or FARs) to also cover unmanned aviation and avoid the creation of dedicated UA regulations as much as possible.  The goal is to achieve transparent flight operations in the NAS.

APPENDIX F – AIRSPACE
Page F-1
.  Establish the precedent. Although focused on domestic use, any regulations enacted will likely lead, or certainly have to conform to, similar regulations governing UA flight in ICAO and foreign (specific countries’) airspace.

 

FIGURE F-1. JOINT FAA/OSD APPROACH TO REGULATING UA.
Before the vision of “file and fly” can occur, significant work must be accomplished in the mutually dependent areas of UA reliability, regulation, and an S&A capability.  
RELIABILITY
UA reliability is the first hurdle in airspace considerations because it underlies UA acceptance into civil airspace—whether domestic, international, or foreign.  Historically, UA have suffered mishaps at one to two orders of magnitude greater than the rate (per 100,000 hours) incurred by manned military aircraft.  In recent years, however, flight experience and improved technologies have enabled UA to continue to track the reliability of early manned military aircraft with UA reliability approaching an equivalent level of reliability to their manned military counterparts (see Figure F-2).  For more information on UA reliability, reference Appendix H of this UA Roadmap, or see the 2003 OSD UAV Reliability Study.
　
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：无人机系统路线图 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap(165)