无人机系统路线图 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap(36)

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Key new technology development objectives for future Wasp variants include the development of 1) conformal, un-cooled IR detector arrays that can be incorporated into the wing of the aircraft to provide a low aerodynamic drag at minimum weight and power requirements; 2) an optic flow collision avoidance and navigation system for use in GPS-denied environments and urban canyons; and 3) transition to digital protocols for up- and downlink communications.
AeroVironment’s Hornet became the first UA totally powered by hydrogen fuel when it flew in March 2003. Its fuel cell is shaped to also serve as the wing.
2.4.3 Organic Air Vehicle – II

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Manufacturer  Aurora Flight Sciences, BAE Systems, Honeywell 
Sponsor  DARPA/ Army 
Weight  112 lb dry 
Length  TBD inches 
Duct Dia  20-36 inches 
Payload  22 lb 
Engine Type  Heavy Fuel -Cycle type TBD 
Ceiling  11,000 ft * 
Radius  ~10* nm 
Endurance  120* min 
* Design requirement; not yet demonstrated. 

Background: DARPA and the Army have been exploring scalable designs for an organic air vehicle (OAV) since FY02. DARPA recently began a follow-on to the original OAV program. The new program is called OAV-II. The OAV-II is aimed at a larger system transported aboard one of the FCS ground vehicles. Aurora Flight Sciences, BAE Systems and Honeywell were awarded contracts for Phase I of a competitive program to develop and demonstrate a prototype FCS Class II UA using only ducted fan technology for achieving hover and stare capability. The OAV is envisioned as an UA that can be
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launched and controlled from a high-mobility multipurpose wheeled vehicle (HMMWV) or robotic vehicle to provide over-the-hill RSTA.  The OAV-II program is closely coupled to the Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) that is being conducted by the U.S. Army CECOM, Night Vision and Electronic Systems Directorate (NVESD) for development of a RSTA mission equipment package (M EP) for the Class II UA. In Phase III of the OAV-II program the Class II MEP will be integrated with the DARPA-developed UA.  The combined system will be used to demonstrate Class II RTSA and target designation capabilities in early FY09. http://www.darpa.mil/tto/programs/fcs_oav.html.

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2.5 UNMANNED AIRSHIPS
A number of unmanned airship projects, both free-flying and tethered (aerostats), have been initiated to provide synergistic capabilities to those provided by unmanned aircraft, most notably extended persistence. Such airships are capable of endurances ranging from 5 days (RAID) to a month (JLENS) and primarily provide local area surveillance for defensive roles, such as force protection and cruise missile detection.  A number of aerostats are now employed in the force protection role in Iraq and Afghanistan. Psychological operations (TARS) and border monitoring (TARS) are other niche roles in which they can complement aircraft.  There appears to be potential for synergy between airships and UAS that enhance capability or reduce cost in several mission applications including force protection, signals intelligence collection, communications relay and navigation enhancement.  Airships most significant challenge appears to be limited mobility.  
　
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