Autonomous
C
ontrol L
e
v
e
ls
Fu
ll
y Aut
o
n
o
m
o
u
s
Swa
r
ms
Gr
ou
p S
t
r
a
te
g
i
c
Go
a
l
s
Dis
t
rib
u
t
e
d Cont
rol
G
r
ou
p Ta
cti
c
a
l
G
o
al
s
G
r
o
u
p
T
a
c
t
ic
al
Re
pl
a
n
G
r
ou
p Co
or
d
i
n
a
ti
o
n
O
n
bo
a
r
d Ro
u
t
e
R
e
pl
a
n
Ad
ap
t
to
F
a
il
u
r
es &
Fl
i
g
h
t
Con
d
i
t
i
ons
Real
T
i
me
Hea
l
th
/Di
agn
o
s
i
s
Rem
o
t
e
l
y
Gu
ide
d
19
55
FIGURE 4.0-2. TREND IN UA AUTONOMY.
4.1 PROCESSOR TECHNOLOGIES
Although today's processors allow UA to fly entire missions with little or no human intervention, if the ultimate goal is to replace a pilot with a mechanical facsimile of equal or superior thinking speed, memory capacity, and responses (algorithms) gained from training and experience, then processors of human-like speed, memory, and situational adaptability are necessary. Human capabilities are generally agreed to equate to 100 million million-instructions-per-second (MIPS) in speed and 100 million megabytes (MB) in memory. In the 1980s, AFRL attempted to develop a robotic adjunct to a fighter pilot under the Pilot's Associate program, but the available processor technology proved insufficient.
Figures 4.1-1 and 4.1-2 illustrate the progress in processor technology toward human levels of performance that has occurred and that are likely to be seen in the coming 25 years. Both show that today's supercomputers' are within a factor of 10 of achieving human equivalence in speed and capacity and could achieve human parity by the 2015 timeframe. The cost of a supercomputer is however uncompetitive with that of a trained human, but by 2030 the cost of a 100 million MIP processor should approach $10,000. As for inculcating a fighter pilot's training and experience into a robot brain, the equivalent of Top Gun school for tomorrow's J-UCAS will consist of a post-flight download in seconds.
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：无人机系统路线图 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap(49)
