This Roadmap is meant to complement ongoing Service efforts to redefine their roles and missions for handling 21st century contingencies. The Services see UAS as integral components of their future tactical formations. As an example, the Army’s current transformation initiative envisions each Brigade Combat Team having a reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) squadron equipped with an UAS, reflecting the initiative’s emphasis on reducing weight, increasing agility, and integrating robotics in their future forces.
1.2 SCOPE
OSD, as part of its oversight responsibilities for Defense-wide acquisition and technology, intends this Roadmap to be strong guidance in such cross-program areas as standards development and other interoperability solutions. It neither authorizes specific UAS nor prioritizes the requirements, as this is the responsibility of the Services and the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). It does, however, identify future windows when technology should become available to enable new capabilities, linked to warfighters’ needs, to be incorporated into current or planned UAS. Many of the technologies discussed in this document are currently maturing in defense research laboratories and contractor facilities. The Roadmap span of 25 years was chosen to accommodate what typically constitutes a generation of aircraft and payload technology, from laboratory project to fielded system. The information presented in this study is current as of March 30, 2005. Programmatic information is current as of February 7, 2005 when the FY06 President’s Budget went to Congress.
1.3 DEFINITIONS
Cruise missile weapons are occasionally confused with UA weapon systems because they are both unmanned. The key discriminators are (1) UA are equipped and intended for recovery at the end of their flight, and cruise missiles are not, and (2) munitions carried by UA are not tailored and integrated into their airframe whereas the cruise missile’s warhead is. This distinction is clearly made in the Joint Publication 1-02 DoD Dictionary’s definition for “UAV” (or UA).
A powered, aerial vehicle that does not carry a human operator, uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift, can fly autonomously or be piloted remotely, can be expendable or recoverable, and can carry a lethal or non-lethal payload. Ballistic or semi ballistic vehicles, cruise missiles, and artillery projectiles are not considered unmanned aerial vehicles.
1.4 WHY UNMANNED AIRCRAFT?
The familiar saying that UA are better suited for "dull, dirty, or dangerous" missions than manned aircraft presupposes that man is (or should be) the limiting factor in performing certain airborne roles. Although any flight can be dull or dangerous at times, man continues to fly such missions, whether because of
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tradition or as a substitute for technology inadequacies. The following examples validate this saying.
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