4.4.3 Weapons
If combat UA are to achieve most of their initial cost and stealth advantages by being smaller than their manned counterparts, they will logically have smaller weapons bays and therefore need smaller weapons. Smaller and/or fewer weapons carried per mission means lethality must be increased to achieve equal or greater mission effectiveness. Achieving lethality with small weapons requires precision guidance (in most cases) and/or more lethal warheads. Ongoing technology programs are providing a variety of precision guidance options; some are in the inventory now. With the advent of some innovative wide kill-area warheads, hardening guidance systems, i.e., resistance to GPS jamming, appears to be the greatest technology requirement. A potentially significant advantage to smaller more precise weapons and penetrating launch platforms such as J-UCAS is the reduction in collateral damage. In some cases these platform and weapons combinations could reduce an adversary’s ability to seek sanctuary within non-combatant areas. The Air Force Air Armament Center’s SDB is half the weight of the smallest bomb the Air Force uses today, the 500 pound Mark 82. Its 250 pound class warhead has demonstrated penetration of one meter of reinforced concrete covered by one meter of soil. The Air Force hopes to deploy it by 2007 on the F-15E, followed by deployment on several other aircraft, including the J-UCAS and MQ-9.
4.4.4 Payload Cost Control
Table 4.3-2 provides the payload capacities used in Figure 4.3-4, which shows current DoD UA cost approximately $8,000 per pound of payload capacity (sensors), a comparable number to the payload capacity of the JSF, which is $7,300 per pound (weapons). This same capability metric applied to J-UCAS is $5,500 per pound of payload (weapons). As UA become smaller, or stealthier, the standoff range of sensor systems may be reduced. Reduced sensor standoff capability coupled with more use of COTS systems can have a significant impact on some sensor packages for some classes of UA.
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5.0 OPERATIONS
5.1 TRAINING
All DoD UAS operating today employ contractors to conduct the majority of their UAS training requirements. With the exception of the Army's Hunter and Shadow training programs, each UAS has a dedicated training program, underscoring the lack of interoperability among these systems in the field. The students in these courses range from experienced rated officers as pilots to recent enlistees as airframe maintainers.
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