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In addition to regulatory changes necessary for routine operation of military UA in civil airspace, changes to several other documents, such as Advisory Circulars and FAA Order 7610.4K (Special Military Operations), will be required.
Regulation: Airworthiness Certification
The FAA's airworthiness regulations are meant to ensure that aircraft are built and maintained so as to minimize their hazard to aircrew, passengers, and people and property on the ground. Airworthiness is concerned with the material and construction integrity of the individual aircraft and the prevention of it coming apart in mid-air and/or causing damage to persons or property on the ground. Over the 19 year period from 1982 to 2000, an annual average of 2.2 percent of all aviation fatalities involved people being hit by falling parts of aircraft. A UA that must be available for unrestricted operations worldwide (e.g., Global Hawk) in all classes of airspace compels consideration for the safety of people on the ground. The operational requirements for UA operation in civil airspace means flight over populated areas must not raise concerns based on overall levels of airworthiness, therefore, UA standards cannot vary widely from those for manned aircraft without raising public and regulatory concern.
FAA regulations do not require "public aircraft" (ones government-owned or operated) to be certified airworthy to FAA standards. Because most non-military public aircraft are versions of aircraft previously certified for commercial or private use, however, the only public aircraft not related to FAA certification standards in some way are almost always military aircraft. Instead, these aircraft are certified through the military's internal airworthiness certification/flight release processes. A Tri-Service memorandum of agreement describes the responsibilities and actions associated with mutual acceptance of airworthiness certifications for manned and unmanned aircraft systems within the same certified design configuration, envelope, parameters, and usage limits certified by the originating Service.
Similarly to manned military aircraft, unmanned military aircraft will also be subject to the airworthiness certification/flight release process (the Global Hawk is currently undergoing this process).
Regulation: Crew Qualifications
The FAA's qualification standards (14 CFR Parts 61, 63, 65, and 67) are meant to ensure the competency of aircrew and aircraft maintainers. As in the case of airworthiness certification, these Parts do not pertain to military personnel who are certified in a similar, parallel process. DoD and FAA have signed a memorandum of agreement through which DoD agrees to meet or exceed civil training standards, and the FAA agrees to accept military rated pilots into the NAS. These factors indicate a certain minimum knowledge standard is required of all pilots-in-command in order to operate aircraft in the NAS.
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无人机系统路线图 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap(170)
