.
Improving product access and better situational awareness of the current operational picture through improved distribution and networking capabilities
.
Improved delivery of critical, time sensitive, actionable data to tactical units through improved mobile, 2-way communications capability and associations CONOPS.
.
Improved cross Service, integrated UA and manned CONOPS that provide improved overall collection capability.
SECTION 3 - REQUIREMENTS
Page 45
SECTION 3 - REQUIREMENTS
Page 46
4.0 TECHNOLOGIES
Unmanned aviation has been the driving or contributing motivation behind many of the key technical innovations in aviation: the autopilot, the inertial navigation system, and data links, to name a few. Although UAS development was hobbled by technology insufficiencies through most of the 20th century, focused efforts in various military projects overcame the basic problems of automatic stabilization, remote control, and autonomous navigation by the 1950s. The last several decades have been spent improving the technologies supporting these capabilities largely through the integration of increasingly capable microprocessors in the flight control and mission management computers flown on UA. By 1989, technology had enabled an UA (DARPA’s Condor) to perform fully autonomous flight, from take-off to landing without human intervention. The early part of the 21st century will likely see even more enhancements in UAS as they continue their growth. The ongoing revolution in the biological sciences, together with ever-evolving microprocessor capabilities, are two general technology trends that will impact aviation and enable more capable UAS to appear in the timeframe of this Roadmap. UA technology enablers are discussed in more detail in Appendix D.
Although, DoD continues to strongly invest in researching and developing technologies with the potential to advance the capabilities of UAS, commercial applications now drive many unmanned technologies. Figure 4.0-1 shows the Air Force, Army, and Navy research laboratories investments, along with DARPA’s, in UAS-related research and development (R&D) in the FY05-09 President’s Budget. Together, the Services fund $1.662 billion in 79 UAS-related R&D projects, a significant increase over the $1.241 billion and 60 projects funded in 2000. Appendix D, Table D-1 contains a detailed listing of the projects being funded.
$306.7M
$1,662 M Total R&D Investment
FIGURE 4.0-1. DOD INVESTMENT IN UAS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, FY05 -FY09.
The two basic approaches to implementing unmanned flight, autonomy (illustrated by the RQ-4) and pilot-in-the-loop (illustrated by the MQ-1), rely predominantly on microprocessor and communication (data link) technology, respectively. While both technologies are used to differing levels in all current UA, it is these two technologies that compensate for the absence of an onboard pilot and thus enable unmanned flight. Advances in both are driven today by their commercial markets, the personal computer industry for microprocessors and the banking and wireless communication industries for data protection and compression. This chapter focuses on forecasting trends in these two technologies over the coming 25 years; sections on aircraft and payload advances are included and apply equally to manned aircraft.
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