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While operations were effective, communications support was not ideal. UHF communications between Predator operations control at Nellis AFB and Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS), Air Support Operations Center (ASOC), and Direct Air Support Center (DASC) controllers were poor, resulting in a reduced real time deconfliction capability and reliance on the CAOC-based Predator liaison officers (LNO) to deconflict and to coordinate airspace and attack procedures. CAOC LNOs had to provide direct phone numbers and chat rooms to the GCS due to limited access to secure
APPENDIX C - COMMUNICATIONS
Page C-3
communications. The LRE also had poor secure communications capability due to their austere locations. Many missions had to be coordinated inthe clear using brevity codes. Dissemination of Predator real time video Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) clips, greater than 5 minutes in duration,was not possible due to e-mail file limitations. The USAF developed a technical solution for this problem to capture and archive video for the Combined Forces Air Component Commander (CFACC).
Figure C-2 illustrates the Predator operating in a deployed mode. It maintains contact with its GCS through a line of sight data link or via over the horizon Ku-band satellite link to the Predator Primary Satellite Link (PPSL). Video feeds are then piped outto the DCGS and the Air Operations Center (AOC) through theater communications or the Defense Information Services Network (DISN). Video is also broadcast to a virtuallyunlimited number of users through the Global Broadcast Service (GBS) via the GBS inject facility.
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FIGURE C-2. PREDATOR OPERATING IN DEPLOYED MODE.
Figure C-3 illustrates, the Predator communications architecture during RSO. In this mode, the LRE controls the Predator via line of sight data link for launch and recovery. After take off, the GCS assumes control via Ku-band SATCOM link and DISN Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Services (DATMS) network. Sensor product is then passed to the DCGS and the GBS inject point via DATMS.
Radios
Every aspect of military operations depends on wireless voice and data communications. Over the years many non-interoperable systems were built and fielded to meet a broad range of specific Service requirements.
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