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FIGURE 5.3-1. LOCATIONS OF U.S.-BASEDDODUAS.
5.3.2OperationsIssues
UAS operations in the GWOT have revealed the following issues:
1.
The low density/high demand nature of the limited UAS force and the operational demands placed on it created a conflict in priorities between employing UAS in its two key roles, sensing and shooting. In both Afghanistan and Iraq, Predators were tasked to find targets, designate themfor manned strike, and strike them themselves. Both the limited number of weapons carried and the coordination time required to obtain permission to employ them subtracted fromUA availability to pursue mobile targets, a key concern of intelligence staffs.
2.
Weather, in particular high winds, posed a major constraint on UA operations due to their lighter weights and high-aspect ratio wings compared to those of manned aircraft. Winds up to 70 knots in the SWA theater significantly reduced the availability of most UA, and the accompanying dust storms impacted their ability to use EO sensors effectively; however, Global Hawk, carrying an EO/IR/SAR combined sensor, was still able to performeffectivelyduring dust storms.
3.
Despite having the capability to operate multiple UA per system simultaneously, the limited number of frequencies available often restricted the number to one UA airborne at a time.
4.
Integration of unmanned aviation into the national airspace system is needed to enable file and fly operations by UA to improve their responsiveness and fidelity of training.
5.
The dynamic nature of the joint operational environment for which UAS are employed in Afghanistan and Iraq indicate a need for centralized command and control to ensure functional integration (intel, ops and communications) that prioritizes UA sensing operations support.
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