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Smaller UA operating with minimal data links, or in swarms, need this ability even more. The ability to flood a battlespace with unmanned collection systems demands autonomous sensor operation to be feasible. While the carriage of multiple sensors on a single, small UA is problematic, networks of independent sensors on separate platforms that can determine the most efficient allocation of targets need to be able to find, provisionally identify, and then collect definitive images to alert exploiters when a target has been found with minimal if any human initiative. The desired end state will be achieved when manned exploitation stations – whether a single Special Forces operator or a full deployable ground station – are first informed of a target of interest when a sensor web provides an image along with PGM quality coordinates. This technology is available currently, and needs to be applied to this particular task
– which will involve a radical change in ground exploitation infrastructure and mindset, akin to the change in taking a man out of the cockpit.
Air vehicle autonomy. Along with sensor autonomy, swarming UA will require the ability to self-navigate and self-position to collect imagery and signals efficiently. While aircraft autonomy is dealt with elsewhere in the Roadmap, it is identified here as critical to fully exploit sensor capabilities and keep costs and personnel requirements to a minimum.
Lightweight, efficient power supplies. In the near term, UA will be more power limited than manned aircraft, particularly in the smaller size classes. Every component of the aircraft, sensor, and data link strives for small size, weight, and power consumption. For MAV, batteries with high power/weight ratios are important to maximize sensor capability and endurance. Larger aircraft need to extract power from the engine to generate AC and DC power for sensor and data link operation. Industry is encouraged to refine methods of drawing power from the engine to reduce mechanical inefficiencies and losses with traditional airframe-mounted electrical and hydraulic drive systems. Services should consider power requirements, including prudent margin to allow future sensor and mission growth and total power generated as a fraction of system weight, when developing unmanned aircraft (see Appendix A).
Lightweight optics and support structures. In keeping with the need to reduce aircraft weight, lightweight optics and optical support structure will enable small aircraft to carry the best possible EO/IR sensors. The use of composite materials for optical enclosures results in very stiff but light sensor housings that are capable of maintaining tight tolerances over a range of temperatures and operating conditions. Optical elements themselves must also be designed for low weight. This becomes more important in larger sensors with multiple glass elements; even in medium to large UA such as MQ-9 Predator and Global Hawk, EO/IR sensor characteristics can limit the ability to carry multiple payloads simultaneously.
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无人机系统路线图 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap(104)
