UAS ROADMAP 2005
APPENDIX I: HOMELAND SECURITY
OVERVIEW
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and DoD’s Northern Command (NORTHCOM) share responsibility for defending the United States against terrorist attacks. In addition, DHS has a number of law enforcement functions not shared with NORTHCOM. DHS identified unmanned aircraft as a high-interest enabler for its homeland security and law enforcement functions within months of its formation in November 2002. In May 2003, the Secretary of Homeland Security directed a demonstration for evaluating UA utility in border surveillance be conducted, resulting in Operation Safeguard that fall. DHS also established an internal UA Working Group under its Border and Transportation Security (BTS) Directorate’s Office of Science and Technology in 2003 to explore roles and define requirements that UA could potentially fulfill throughout DHS. Its first study, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications to Homeland Security Missions (March 2004), addressed UA’s potential applicability to border security, Coast Guard missions, critical infrastructure security, and monitoring transportation of hazardous materials.
Subsequently, the Working Group examined the cost effectiveness of various size UA compared to that of manned aircraft and ground sensor networks in selected DHS environments. In performing this analysis, 45 functional capabilities that DHS/BTS is required to perform were examined in the nine environments in which DHS operates; UA were assessed to be potential contributors in ten of the 45 capabilities (see Table I-1).
TABLE I-1. DHS/BTS CAPABILITY REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO UA.
Functional Area Functional Capability for UA
Surveillance and Monitoring Visual Monitoring
Non-Visual Monitoring
Suspect/Item Geolocation
Communications Interception
Communications and Information Mgmt Tactical Situational Awareness
Apprehension/Detection/Seizure/Removal Pursuit management and Prevention
Targeting and Intelligence Intelligence Support to Command
Deterrence Visible Security Systems
Specialized Enforcement Operations
Officer Safety Use of Safety and Emergency Equipment
In addition to Operation Safeguard, DHS organizations have conducted a number of other demonstrations using UA in different roles and environments (see Table I-2). These demonstrations have built on previous experiences with UA learned by DHS’ legacy organizations over the past decade (see Figure I-1). Collectively, these demonstrations have served to educate DHS on the strengths and limitations of UA and support its decision to focus efforts on a Homeland Security UAV (HSUAV), a medium/high altitude endurance UA capable of supporting multiple DHS organizations across a variety of applications and environments. Although the concept for its operation is still being developed, HSUAV will likely be embedded in one of the aviation-using elements of DHS, who will assume responsibility for operating and maintaining it. The primary aviation-using organizations within DHS are the Coast Guard, Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and Counter Narcotics Office, who together operate a mixed fleet of some 170 fixed-wing aircraft and 240 helicopters. The air assets of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) were combined under CBP in November 2004. 中国航空网 www.aero.cn 航空翻译 www.aviation.cn 本文链接地址：无人机系统路线图 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Roadmap(188)
