曝光台 注意防骗
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The data links and the transmit and receive equipment associated with the dissemination of information are susceptible and vulnerable to the same efforts that threaten the command and control links. The dissemination data links on larger aircraft should be encrypted, as they are more likely to be relaying data that are of interest to higher echelons. Conversely, handheld/small and tactical UA may not require encryption devices because it is harder to intercept their dissemination signals (closer to the ground station and flying at lower altitudes) and because the information they collect and disseminate is highly perishable.
SURVIVABILITY CLASSIFICATIONS
When considering airframe survivability, it is useful to divide UA into three categories (small, medium, and large) based on size, speed, and operational altitude. These categories are useful for considering the likely threat environment and application of susceptibility and vulnerability reduction techniques, but should not be applied rigidly. While categories are useful for providing guidelines, each UA is unique and survivability should be considered in the context of its specific design and mission. These survivability categories are not intended to establish recognized UA classifications.
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Small. UA with a gross weight less than 500 pounds, a wingspan of 20 feet or less and that operate at altitudes below 10,000 feet and 100 knots. These UA generally support tactical requirements and range from man-portable up to trucked systems. Examples include the Raven, Dragon Eye, Pioneer and Shadow.
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Medium. UA with a gross weight between 500 and 5,000 pounds., a 20-60 feet wingspan and generally operate at altitudes of 10,000-30,000 feet and below 250 knots. These UA primarily support tactical engagements, but may also address operational (theater) or strategic requirements. The systems are airlifted or transported in specialized containers. Examples include the Predator and Fire Scout UA.
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Large. UA with a gross weight above 5,000 pounds, wingspan longer than 60 feet and that operate above 25,000 feet and 250 knots. These UA are generally considered operational (theater) or strategic assets. These systems can self deploy or, as with Global Hawk, can operate from CONUS. UA with a mission to deliver ordnance in high-density threat environments, such as the J-UCAS, will operate from remote bases to support tactical requirements.
THREATS BY SURVIVABILITY CLASSIFICATION
To credibly assess the threat a UA will face one must consider the entire system, including the ground station and data link as well as the aircraft. One must also consider the entire spectrum of threat types, including directed energy weapons (DEW) and nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC). A basis for starting a general threat analysis is to consider the types of threats and the likelihood each could engage each UA category Tables K-1 and K-2). For a detailed threat analysis, a UA must be assessed individually based on its specific design, mission, and mode of operation.
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