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Downsizing ground equipment. The control elements and functions of the early 1990s ground station equipment can now be accommodated into laptops. This trend will continue with miniaturization of processing and memory storage devices. Consolidation of capabilities into smaller packages reduces production costs, logistics footprint and sustainment support costs.
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Assured communication. The joint tactical radio system is expanding to encompass not only voice communications, but data links also. UA programs must assess their transition to the JTRS standard as technology becomes available through JTRS Cluster improvements. Since UA will become net-centric devices, UA programs must assess their vulnerabilities to network attack and provide appropriate levels of protection.
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Displays. As the human interfaces with the UA at higher levels, the human must trust the UA to do more. To develop and keep that trust, the human must be able to determine the intent of the UA.
APPENDIX D – TECHNOLOGIES
Page D-8
Displays that show intent, as well as the algorithms which develop the intent, must be matured.
Currently ground-breaking work in this area is being undertaken by J-UCAS and AFRL; work needs
to be accomplished to migrate this technology to smaller and less expensive systems. These displays
must also show the operator what is going on at a glance, and must fit into the lightweight system
requirements as outlined above. Additionally, significant work has been accomplished to improve
man-machine interfaces in non-UA programs and these improvements (such as tactile stimulation to
improve situational awareness) need to be investigated as part of the UA C3 and ground control
processes.
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Voice Control. One area that might not be receiving the attention it deserves is the capability to voice command the UA. Voice recognition technology has been around for years, but only recently has algorithm and hardware advances made it practical for small and critical applications. DoD Science and Technology (S&T) organizations continue to research and develop this technology. DoD programs can also begin taking advantage of developments in the commercial sector to have the operator interface with a UA via voice. Now is the time to harvest that research and apply it to reducing the complexity of command and control interfaces to small UA.
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Multi-Vehicle Control. Advancing the state of the art in all of the areas discussed above allow a single person to control multiple aircraft. Highly autonomous aircraft have reduced requirements for ground equipment and communications and can leverage advances in displays and voice control. The benefits of this are reduced manpower, reduced hardware (and therefore logistics), and increased effectiveness.
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