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The high mishap rate of the early Hunters is comparable to that of the early Pioneers and, based on that similarity can be largely attributed to poor Israeli design practices for their UA in the 1980s. The significant improvement in Hunter’s mishap rate achieved since the mid-1990s is reflective of (1) joint government/contractor-focused oversight, (2) a rigorous review and analysis process being put in place, and (3) qualitative improvements in a number of failure-critical components (servo-actuators, flight control software).
TECHNOLOGY ENHANCING SOLUTIONS
To address the reliability shortcomings identified above, examples of current and developmental technologies are presented in Table H-3. These technologies – provided in detail in the full Reliability Study – are provided as examples of solutions which have the potential to significantly enhance UA reliability. Technology areas for each of the major failure modes are presented at three levels of cost/complexity.
TABLE H-3. TECHNOLOGY TO ENHANCE UA RELIABILITY.
Low Level COTS High Level COTS Next Generation
Power and Propulsion Lighter (Boralyn Molded) Engine Block Heavy Fuel Engine Fuel Cell Technology
Flight Control Higher Frequency Flight Control System Advanced Digital Avionics System Self-Repairing “Smart”Flight Control System
Communications Better Environmental Control Electronically Steered Arrays Film and Spray-On Antennas
Human/Ground Enhanced Pilot Training Auto Take-Off and Recovery Enhanced Synthetic Vision
APPENDIX H – RELIABILITY
Page H-8
UAS ROADMAP 2005
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the preceding reliability data and trends analysis, it is possible to distill a focused set of recommendations which will have a measurable impact on UA reliability growth.
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Introduce joint standardization of reliability data tracking for operational UA systems.
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Data collection for this study provided insight into an inconsistent (and at times inaccurate and incomplete) reporting framework for tracking the reliability growth of various UA fleets. This makes it particularly difficult to gauge not only the reliability of one system, but also any trends across system and Service lines. A single format, with jointly agreed definitions for data fields for key reliability metrics, needs to be developed and implemented.
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Perform a cost-benefit trade study for incorporating/retrofitting some or all of the MQ-9 Predator’s reliability enhancements into production MQ-1 Predator models.
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Perform cost-benefit trades for low and high level COTS approaches identified in Table H-3 to improve reliability for each fielded UA system.
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Develop and implement a Reliability Specifications Standard for UA design.
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