曝光台 注意防骗
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变化. 这说明Claws 驱鸟器在使用的过程中虽然起到一定的驱鸟效果,但这种效果并未持续到处理后期. 这
可能是因为Claws 驱鸟器在M 机场已经使用了近8 年,其驱鸟效果仅限于处理期间. 在澳大利亚悉尼机场,
新引入的驱鸟煤气炮其驱鸟效果就可以从处理期间持续到处理后期[7 ] .
本次实验的所有结果综合表明,Claws 驱鸟器在控制鸟类的种类和数量上十分有效. 但是在处理期间,
鸟类飞向跑道的频次比处理前期和处理后期均显著增加,这可能会危及到飞行安全,这也是衡量Claws 驱鸟
器效能的关键所在. 因此建议以后厂家更新驱鸟器的设计和制造材料,使驱鸟器在不影响正常飞行训练的前
提下(主要考虑迫降安全的因素) ,能够直接沿跑道边线布设,这样就可以在一定程度上确保驱鸟器的使用效
果. 此外还建议机场部门在飞行保障过程中,在使用Claws 驱鸟器驱鸟的同时,结合其他的驱鸟方法手段,对
鸟类进行综合防治以保证飞行安全.
致谢:空军94857 部队陈春生和彭次峰同志在机场鸟类调查过程中予以大力帮助,在此深表谢意.
参考文献:
[ 1 ] BLOKPOEL H. Bird Hazards to Aircraft [M] . Toronto : Irwin Clark , 1976.
[ 2 ] SODHI N S. Competition in the air : birds versus aircraft [ J] . Auk , 2002 , 119 : 587 - 597.
[ 3 ] 霍志勤,罗帆. 近十年中国民航事故及事故征候的统计分析[ J] . 中国安全科学学报,2006 ,16 (12) :65 - 71.
[ 4 ] SMITH M. From a strike to kill[ J] . New Scientist ,1986 ,110 :44 - 47.
[ 5 ] NEUBAUER J C. Why birds kill : Cross2sectional analysis of U. S[ J] . Air Force bird strike data. Aviation , Space and Environmental Medicine ,
1990 ,61 :343 - 348.
[ 6 ] CL EARY E C , WRIGHT S E , DOLBEER R A. Wildlife strikes to civil aircraft in the United States ,1990 - 1998[ M] . Washington : Federal
Aviation Administration , Office of Airport Safety and Standards ,1999.
[7 ] HUTCHINSON A. Effectiveness of gas cannons on the bird community at Sydney airport [ J] . Proceedings of bird strike committee USA/
Canada ,2001 ,3 :115 - 125.
[ 8 ] 王一波. 鸟类听不懂外语[ N] . 京华时报,2005 - 3 - 8 (A10) .
[ 9 ] 常家传,马金生,鲁长虎. 鸟类学[M] . 哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1998.
[ 10 ] CHILVERS B L , RYAN C J , HICKL ING GJ . Factors affecting pilot2reported bird strike rates at Christchurch International Airport , New
Zealand[ J] . New Zealand Journal of Zoology ,1997 ,24 :1 - 7.
[11 ] International Civil Aviation Organization. Airport Services Manual. Part 3 : Bird Control and Reduction [ M] . Third edition. Montreal :
International Civil Aviation Organization ,1991.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Claws Dispersing
Birds Instruments in an Airport
YANG Rong1 ,2 , L I Yuan2zheng2 , WU Ai2quan2 , ZHU J ia2wei2 , WU Xiao2bing1
(1. College of Life Sciences , Anhui Normal University , Wuhu 241000 ,China ;2. Office of Birdstrike Prevention , Unit 94857 ,China Air Force Wuhu
241000 , China)
Abstract : From J uly to August 2007 , a study was conducted in an airport to assess the effectiveness of Claws
Dispersing Birds Inst rument s that were int roduced f rom abroad. The effectiveness was measured quantitatively
by comparing bird species composition , abundance , behavior , number and direction of the bird movement s at
dusk. The fieldwork was carried out in three periods : the pre2t reatment period , t reatment period and post2
t reatment period. During the t reatment period , the Claws inst rument s were employed. The result s showed that
the inst rument s were effective in reducing the number of bird species and bird abundance. However , during the
t reatment period , the f requency of birds flying towards the runway was significantly more than that during the
pre2t reatment and post2t reatment period , and could endanger flying safety. So it was suggested that other means
of dispersing birds should accompany the Claws inst rument s during the flying t raining to ensure complete safety.
Key words : birdst rike ; claws dispersing birds inst rument s ; evaluation of effectiveness
32 卷第1 期 杨 荣,李远征,吴爱权,等: 机场Claws 驱鸟器的效能评价63
2009，45（14） Computer Engineering and Applications 计算机工程与应用
民航机场是我国空中交通的重要基础设施，通常包括供
航空器起飞和着陆滑行的飞行区、供航空器上下客货邮件的
运输区（航站区）、供航空器维护修理的机务维修区等。机场
安全通常包括航空器的安全起降和对机场设施的安全保障，
这也是民航机场在正常情况下应发挥的重要功能。然而，由
于多种原因，民航机场事故的发生难以避免。根据民航总局
航空安全信息网数据库中显示的资料，中国民航近12 年（1996
年~2007 年）共发生运输飞行事故11 起，其中重大以上飞行
事故9 起；共发生飞行事故征候1 480 起，其中航空运输飞行
事故征候1 255 起。对事故的调查表明，机组原因、机械/机务
是事故发生的主要原因。从这12 年间发生的事故征候的种类统
计看，鸟击（288 起）、空中停车（291 起）和偏出/冲出跑道/场外接
地（87 起）所占的比重较大，分别占22.9 %、23.2%和6.9%（以上
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