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07-02-60 Volcanic Ash Encounter ............................................................. 9
07-02-70 Bird Ingestion ............................................................................. 10
07-02-80 Takeoffs and Landings In Crosswind Conditions....................... 12
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ALL WEATHER OPERATIONS AND PROCEDURES
07-00-10: Introduction
This section contains only those procedures which differ from or add to the normal
operating procedures as required by adverse weather conditions.
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DEPARTURE AND DESTINATION CONDITIONS
07-01-10: Ground De-Icing / Anti-Icing Procedures
1. General:
This section contains procedures for ensuring safe operation during icing
conditions and for de-icing/anti-icing Gulfstream IV airplanes. The source
documentation for the data presented in the “Holdover Times” and “One-
Step or Two-Step Process(es)” portions of this section is from FAA bulletin
No. FSAT 02-05: FAA-Approved De-icing Program, Winter 2002-2003 Update,
dated 09/23/02.
Federal Aviation Regulations prohibit takeoff when snow, ice, or frost is adhering
to wings and control surfaces of the airplane. The Pilot-In-Command (PIC) has
ultimate responsibility to determine that all critical components of the airplane are
free of ice, snow, or frost formations. To ensure a safe takeoff in conditions
conducive to icing, an inspection of critical airplane surfaces and components
must be accomplished shortly before takeoff.
Airplane de-icing/anti-icing may be accomplished in either a one-step or a twostep
process. In the worst-case scenario the airplane should be deiced,
inspected, and depart within an approximate two (2) to five (5) minute time period.
Depending on current atmospheric conditions and assuming worst-case scenario,
the coordination between the flight crew, the ground de-icing crew and Air Traffic
Control (ATC) is vital.
Standard practice is to de-ice and, if required, anti-ice the airplane before takeoff.
The use of heated solutions of Freezing Point Depressant (FPD) fluids for
de-icing, followed by an anti-icing process using a more concentrated solution,
produces a lower freeze point on the airplane surfaces.
Maintenance concepts for ground de-icing/anti-icing may vary between FBOs,
however, basic de-icing/anti-icing procedures prevail throughout the industry. FPD
fluid manufacturers provide recommended dilution mixtures based on Outside Air
Temperature (OAT) and precipitation conditions. The PIC should consult with the
ground de-icing crew to verify that the de-icing fluid mixture is suitable for the
atmospheric conditions. Both Type I and Type II FPD fluids are recommended for
use on Gulfstream airplanes. Only the Type IV fluids specified herein are
recommended for use on Gulfstream airplanes. The use of other Type IV
fluids must be approved in writing by the Gulfstream Engineering
Department. For additional information regarding fluid application, refer to
Chapter 12 of the Gulfstream IV Aircraft Maintenance Manual.
De-icing/anti-icing methods include mechanical means, spraying of de-icing fluids,
or a combination of both methods. Mechanical means include brooms, brushes,
squeegees, and/or nylon ropes. De-icing fluids may either be used cold or hot.
There are two (2) types of de-icing fluids which are referred to as Freezing Point
Depressant (FPD) fluids. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) or International
Standards Organization (ISO) Type I fluids are generally used in North America.
SAE/ISO Type II fluids, also referred to as Association of European Airlines (AEA),
are generally used in Europe.
2. Fluids for Ground De-Icing:
(See Figure 1 through Figure 9.)
The times of protection (holdover times) for different de-icing fluids, vary
considerably. Furthermore, these times depend to a large extent on the
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meteorological conditions and methods of application.
The time of protection will be shortened, for instance, by wet snow, increasing
content of moisture, wet airplane surface, relative high temperature of airplane
surface and of the fluid being used, or high wind velocity and unfavorable wind
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