曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
progressive Flight Simulator add-ons are finding their efforts being
undermined by the activities of these individuals. In many cases talented
designers and companies have been forced to leave the industry
altogether.
Pirates think that the simple act of passing on files of copyrighted
material to friends or colleagues is an innocuous enough thing to do, but
combine that with the activities of criminals who illegally copy material for
profitable gain and we have a serious haemorrhaging of resources away
from the developers.
Owning copied software is also an offence, so it’s not only the
perpetrators of copying the software at source who are risking
prosecution.
If you are offered our products by any other means other than those
officially endorsed by Imagine Simulation then please contact us at
sales@imaginesim.com and help us to fight the threat of piracy, or we will
all end up the losers.
PAGE 14
English and Aircraft Maintenance www.bwise2.com
ENGLISH AND AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE
Philip SHAWCROSS, English for Aircraft
Maintenance may have often been a lower profile and less well defined area of language
training within Aviation than flight crew, cabin crew, air traffic controllers or passenger
service agents. However the size of the populations involved (sometimes over 15% of a
major airline), recent technological developments (on board and ground computerization),
increasing emphasis on Human Factors awareness and new FAR and JAR regulations
invite a long, hard look at how the English language is used in a maintenance and
engineering environment.
1. INTRODUCTION
Much has changed in the working environment of aircraft mechanics, even their name; A&Ps
(Airframe and Powerplant mechanics) are now officially referred to as AMTs or Aircraft
Maintenance Technicians. Glass cockpits, computerized documentation, FAR Parts 65/147
Optimization and JAR 66, worldwide shortages of qualified technicians, international
cooperation between carriers, FAA form 1 and signing for release to service have passed
their way. The present article is an attempt to take stock and have a look at the profession as
a whole as regards the way the English language has become a indispensable tool in the
aircraft Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) business.
2. AREAS OF USE
Aircraft technicians use the English language, whether they are native English speakers or
not, in a variety of ways.
Reading Skills
In terms of time spent, reading large amounts of technical documentation represents the
predominant use of the language. It has been estimated that in the course of his job even an
American native English-speaking aircraft technician may spend over 20% of his working
time consulting written information. This information comes in the form of the Aircraft
Maintenance Manual (AMM), Illustrated Parts Catalog (IPC), Troubleshooting Manual (TSM),
Service Bulletins (SB), Airworthiness Directives (AD), Service Information Letters (SIL),
Structural Repair Manual (SRM) or Component Maintenance Manual (CMM) and Engine
Shop Manual (ESM) in the case of component and engine overhaul and job cards derived
from the above documents by the operator’s Engineering department. It represents literally
tens of thousands of pages in paper, microfilm, CD ROM or on-line form.
The last decade and a half has brought an increased reading load in the form of on-board
computer interfaces (Multipurpose Control and Display Units (MCDU), Centralized
Maintenance System (CMS), Aircraft Communication Addressing and Reporting System
ACARS) used for system monitoring and troubleshooting. The airlines themselves have also
generated computer systems designed to manage inventory, part flow and maintenance
performed. As time goes by, ‘mechanics’ tend to have cleaner and cleaner hands.
1
English and Aircraft Maintenance www.bwise2.com
Writing Skills
Similarly, the pen has almost become mightier than the wrench. Increased emphasis on
traceability and responsibility in the release process mean that technicians need to document
their work more and more and justify in writing the actions they perform. Log books,
troubleshooting and test reports have to be filled out in a common language which is
invariably English. Both the Authorities and manufacturers put their weight into the balance to
encourage this trend.
In another maintenance activity, Engineering, most operators employ technicians to edit inhouse
documentation adapted to the requirements of their own fleet. These Engineering
Orders or job cards are derived from the manufacturer’s documentation and should also be
written according to the rules of Simplified English incorporated in ATA 100 so as to be as
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