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are saved per year
• transportation is reduced.
Where to now?
Cleaner production is now an accepted
practice and a valuable part of
Hawker’s overall business strategy.
Many other initiatives are planned—
here are just a few examples.
Ultrasonic cleaning
The company is evaluating the
replacement of potentially harmful
chemical solvents, such as
trichoroethylyene, with a technology
that uses ultrasonic sound waves
coupled with a biodegradable solution
to dislodge grease, grime, oil, paint
etc. from machinery and parts. Other
uses being investigated are removal
of sealant from reusable pins and the
removal of paint from tins to allow
metal recycling.
Water
With the support of Sydney Water’s
‘Every Drop Counts’ Program an
initial survey has uncovered a need
for sub-meters. Work has begun on
fixing underground leaks, not visible
on the surface, which will result in
significant savings. The use of on-line
computer monitoring and sub-meters
will enable Hawker de Havilland to
find leaks within 24 hours or less.
Other process initiatives like spray
rinse and flow restrictors have been
introduced. All up savings are a
reduction of approximately 5 million
litres per month, a 50% drop in usage.
Compressed air
The company will carry out an
ultrasonic survey of the compressed
airline system. Leaks can account for
5% to 10% of running costs, equating
to approx. $20,000 per annum.
Hawker de Havilland is replacing
worm drive hose clamps with crimped
clamps which are far superior for
eliminating leaks on flexible hoses.
More information
Michael Jupe
Waste and Resource Manager
Hawker de Havilland (Boeing)
361 Milperra Road Bankstown NSW
Phone (02) 9772 8659
Email michael.r.jupe@boeing.com
Department of Environment
and Conservation (NSW)
Cleaner Industries Unit
Phone 02 8837 6000
cleanerind@epa.nsw.gov.au
Compressed blocks of swarf ready for
recycling. Energy required for off-site resmelting
is reduced because the density of
the brick has been increased, and greenhouse
gas emissions are also reduced
because coolant has been removed.
What are the costs and savings?
One-off costs Savings per year
Recycling unit $30,000 coolant purchases $85,000
coolant disposal $70,000
aluminium reclamation $400,000
Cardboard compactor $5,000 cardboard recycling $10,000
Cardboard box redesign nil cardboard box purchase $80,000
Plastic recycling nil plastic recycling $6,000
Packaging materials nil packaging re-design $25,000
packaging disposal $2,000
Freight nil freight reduction $235,000
Power consumption nil power consumption $30,000
Water meters & leaks $48,000 water consumption $80,000
Totals $83,000 $1,023,000
**
**
*
* Equipment installation costs **Anticipated savings. Coolant recycling yet to be implemented.
The Ecology of Language Practices in
Worldwide Airline Flight Deck Operations:
The Case of Japanese Airlines
Edwin Hutchins Saeko Nomura
Cognitive Science Department
University of California San Diego
9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, CA 92093-0515, USA
ehutchins@ucsd.edu, saeko@hci.ucsd.edu,
Barbara Holder
Flight Deck Concept Center
Boeing Commercial Airplanes
PO Box 3707
Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA
barbara.e.holder@boeing.com
ABSTRACT
A large fraction of flight operations in the global
commercial aviation system are conducted using a mixture
of English and some other language(s). We examine the
institutional factors that create this situation and the
language practices adopted by non-native English speaking
pilots to adapt within a complex ecology of constraints on
language usage. We focus on an especially complex case,
that of Japanese airlines.
Keywords
Language practices of pilots, worldwide airlines,
ethnography,
INTRODUCTION
Spoken and written language play essential roles in the
operation of commercial airliners. Spoken language appears in
conversations among the crew, between the crew and Air
Traffic Control (ATC), in aural alerts to the pilots generated
by on-board systems, between the crew and a variety of
company personnel (dispatchers, mechanics, etc), and in
public address messages to the passengers. Written language
appears in the labels on cockpit controls and indicators, on
displays and communication screens, in dispatch and other
paperwork, on navigation charts, checklists, airplane
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