Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(66)

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. It can be helpful to present crews with the CRM objectives in the context of relevant technical objectives because they may be easier to understand and more familiar.
. Crews should understand that the LOS is based on operationally relevant incidents.
ACRM crew training is based on specific training objectives used to develop the crew training and to direct crew performance assessment. The high-level objectives of ACRM crew training should be presented so that crews have a clear sense of the purpose of the training session. Some of the higher-level CRM objectives will include learning the content and context of the new CRM procedures. At some point there will be further objectives such as developing skills in performing the new CRM procedures. ACRM crew training may also have some technical objectives. In some cases these objectives will be associated with the tasks being performed either during or after the CRM procedure. For example, an improved takeoff briefing will have as one of its objectives a better-executed takeoff (possibly under certain specific conditions). It can be helpful to present crews with the CRM objectives in the context of relevant technical objectives because crews may initially be more familiar with and better able to understand the technical objectives.

Incidents that Support Training Objectives
A structured development process is used in preparing the LOS assessment scenarios. ACRM crew training should explain that this process starts with the analysis of the airline’s training needs and follows through to the development of the LOS and its validation. A major step in this development process is the identification of incidents that highlight the need for specific CRM procedure and that can be used to support the training objectives. These are incidents that may have happened at the airline or at other airlines with a similar type of operation. Crews should understand that the LOS is based on actual incidents that have happened to pilots flying in conditions similar to theirs.
Crews are usually interested in such incidents and in the incident identification process. Consider explaining that incidents can be identified by searching ASRS reports, talking with one’s own airline flight safety manager or searching the airline database. The search usually starts based on a set of categories identified by the airline as being primary issues for the LOS scenario. Then either the NASA/ASRS or airline staff can perform a search using these categories as keywords, or the airline can access the report database on CD-ROM and perform their own searches.
Examples of topics that have been searched to identify supporting incidents include rerouting/amended clearance incidents, low fuel during excessive vectoring, delayed approaches, similar call signs, auto-flight incidents, flight toward terrain, and runway incursion. The specific training objectives and the new CRM procedures are used to refine the topics and conduct the search for incidents that are to be used in the development of LOFT /LOE event sets.
　
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