Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(63)

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With ACRM’s emphasis on an integration of CRM with technical performance, there is a corresponding push for a balanced assessment. ACRM provides instructor/evaluators with specific behaviors to assess, and this helps to place CRM evaluation at a similar level of objectivity with the technical and maneuver validations. The crews should be encouraged to join with instructor/evaluators to look beyond the technical reasons for a specific difficulty and consider what CRM actions could have prevented or averted the problem. If crews start to see areas where the SOP needs to be changed or could be improved through a CRM procedure, they should make specific recommendations to the ACRM program manager.

Training and Assessing Crew Performance
Each of the new CRM procedures has implications for crew training and assessment because it places an emphasis on the crew’s development of specific CRM behaviors in the operational context. It is important for crews to have an understanding of the nature of skill performance and its implications for the training of these new CRM procedures.
In addition to implications on training, the new CRM procedures have profound implications on the way that crew performance is assessed. A detailed simulator-based assessment has been developed to collect crew performance data after the ACRM crew training has been implemented. This form of crew assessment, based on the LOE, allows for the collection of
performance data within a carefully designed and controlled set of flight conditions. This comprehensive method of crew assessment is augmented with a second type of assessment, the Line Check. Line Checks provide an efficient method for collecting more general crew performance data.
Assessment under ACRM involves a set of standards, and crews should be presented with the standards along with an explanation of how the standards will lead to a more systematic form of crew assessment. With the team approach to crew performance, all members should work together to improve crew effectiveness. Individual pilots are now expected to work as a team to support each other in working with the new CRM procedures and in developing a set of CRM skills.

Using CRM Procedures to Improve Crew Effectiveness
The new CRM procedures are part of SOP, but they should not be viewed as just some additional procedures to worry about. These procedures have been developed in order to increase CRM awareness and skill development, and the procedures should lead directly to improved crew effectiveness.
The new procedures should help individuals and crews in several areas. First, they should help crews integrate CRM with technical performance by providing direct support to some of the critical tasks in areas such as takeoff and landings. Once these procedures are mastered, crews should see better-coordinated task execution because crews are more aware of each other’s duties and decisions. Second, the new CRM procedures should help crews in very specific CRM areas such as being aware of the conditions affecting takeoff, the need for a backup plan, or the assignment of duties in the case of non-normal situations. Third, ACRM helps CRM skill development based on continual practice of relevant skills and feedback on the quality of skilled performance.
　
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