Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(112)

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Use special Hi-8 grade 8mm videocassettes to obtain effective low-light videotaping in the simulator--these tapes are NOT the consumer-grade 8mm tapes and will cost $15-$20 apiece (e.g. Sony Hi8 tape E6-120HME). We used one 2-hour tape for the briefing before the simulator session and the debrief afterwards, and two 2-hour tapes for the four-hour simulator session. We recommend winding and rewinding the tapes in the camera before use to check if they are faulty--we experienced about 1 out of 15 faulty tapes.
To transfer the video from the Hi-8 tapes, use the Hi-8 camera or obtain a Hi-8 VCR for playback. All components in the taping and playback for transfer (camera, tape, VCR) must be Hi-8 grade to preserve the resolution of the Hi-8 system. Consider using a professional video service to transfer the Hi-8 video to VHS format for instructional use.
Other Equipment
Microphones. For brief and debrief sessions, a lavaliere microphone that clips onto the tie is least obtrusive. For taping in the simulator, the microphone must be small and attachable to the microphone boom on the pilot’s headset. (Any other mounting position will give unacceptable levels of background noise from the simulator— simulated engine noise should be set as low as possible). We used a SIMA camcorder Lapel Microphone(TM) miniature clip-on lavaliere microphone (around $30). An equivalent alternative is the Audio-Technica U.S. ATR35s lavaliere microphone. These lavaliere microphones are detachable from the tie clip and small and light enough to be used on the headset boom. This is a battery-powered microphone with an on-off switch for the battery pack, which is in-line on the microphone cord. Each battery is good for 5-10 hours of use, so have spare batteries for microphones and camera.
Connectors. An adapter that takes 2 mini headphone jacks and combines the signal into one output is used to combine the PIC and SIC audio output into one combined signal. A 6” mini “Y” adapter, which connects 2 mini headphone, jacks to a single mini stereo output jack is used to connect the combined PIC and SIC microphones on one channel with the instructor pilot’s microphone on the other channel. This stereo output is plugged into the camera’s microphone jack.
Auxiliary lighting. Auxiliary lighting is important to increase effective illumination of specific areas such as the control panel. Small, battery-powered fluorescent lights are recommended as the batteries will last for a four-hour simulator session and they do not heat up the cockpit or potentially set off the halon fire control. Arrangement of these lights to avoid reflections in the visual displays or interfering with pilot movements and vision is critical (see diagram). We suggest a variety of sizes of these lights with larger lights used for general increases in illumination while smaller lights increase illumination of specific areas.
Tape. Duct tape is used to tape down the microphone lines to avoid tripping and to secure lighting in overhead or on-the-wall positions. Black electrical tape is used to secure the lavaliere microphone to the pilot’s headphone microphone boom. It is important that the lavaliere microphone be taped to be on the OUTSIDE of the boom microphone. This will avoid unwanted breathing sounds and the possibility of electric shock from the lavaliere microphone.
　
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