Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(6)

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Standard Parameters or criteria of performance that signifies the expected level of individual or crew performance. Standard may also be used as a point in a rating scale to designate the expected level of performance.
Standard Scale Scale based on a Standard and used throughout most of an airline’s assessment and rating process.
Statement of Condition CRM procedure used in briefings to maintain situation awareness and make the briefs relevant to the current operation conditions.
Conditions may include a combination of WX, airspeed, altitude, fuel, and traffic.
Subtask Unit of work below the Task level representing a required step in
the performance of a task.
Systematic Differences Comparison of the mean score of an individual rater with the mean score of the group. Significant differences indicate that the individual rates crew performance are higher or lower than the group.
Task A basic unit of work with a clear beginning and ending point, a goal, and one or more products. A task is a high-level unit for Instructional Systems Development and includes one or more subtasks.
TCAS Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System.
Technical Objectives Training objectives related to maneuvers and procedures. These are related to, but different than, the CRM Objectives.
Technical Skill Maneuvers, procedures, and other crew performance elements associated with the process of flying. These skills are contrasted with CRM Skills that represent the more cognitive and crew components of flying.
Theme A higher-level training objective for a training event such as a LOFT or LOS session.
TOC Table of Contents.
TPO Terminal Proficiency Objective -The highest level of definition for a training objective. Successful accomplishment of a terminal objective (task) includes all of its subtasks.
Trigger Instructor controlled element that defines the start of focused observation within an Event Set.

Summary

CRM and the Need forACRM Training
U.S. airlines have implemented Crew Resource Management (CRM) training with an emphasis on principles and concepts that improve crew performance and flight safety. This has resulted in crew requirements that have been trained and assessed as additions to, rather than as part of, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) provides a more integrated form of CRM by incorporating CRM practices with normal and emergency SOP.
ACRM is a comprehensive implementation package including the CRM procedures, training of the instructor/evaluators, training of the crews, a standardized assessment of crew performance, and an ongoing implementation process. ACRM has been designed and developed through a collaborative effort between the airline and research community. ACRM training is an ongoing development process that provides airlines with unique CRM solutions tailored to their operational demands. Design of CRM procedures is based on critical CRM principles that require emphasis in airline’s specific operational environment. Procedures were developed to emphasize these CRM elements by incorporating them into SOPs for normal as well as abnormal and emergency flight situations.
　
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