Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(32)

Linking Needs to Procedures and Documents
For a specific performance problem, there may be several possible systemic causes, whether gaps or inconsistencies with existing SOP. The objective is to link the performance problem to the most likely cause in the operational system. That linkage should be based primarily on the need identified, based on the organizational environment. Although ACRM emphasizes the implementation and training of CRM procedures, developers should keep in mind that CRM procedures are not always the best solution. CRM procedures do offer a good solution when they match an organizations needs based on its philosophy and policies.
An example of modifying procedures is the case where crews may have problems with workload management when executing specific emergency procedures. The CRM procedures development team might consider a range of strategies to address that problem. First, the procedure in question could be reviewed
. Look prior to the location of the performance problem when considering where to insert the procedure.
to determine if it could be simplified. The team could also look at the division of crew responsibilities. It may be that assignment of specific duties at the start of the procedure would help in managing workload. If such an approach is compatible or can be made compatible through policy modification, then that CRM procedure links well with the organization and has a good chance of improving the workload management problem.

Identify Points of Lower Workload for Normal and Abnormal Conditions
Looking beyond the exact location of the problem is key to finding the optimum solution. The point where the CRM performance problem surfaces may not be the best place to insert a procedure. In many cases, crew performance problems become apparent at times of relatively high workload, and adding a procedure at that point would only increase the crew’s workload. The CRM procedures development team should look at points in time prior to the buildup in workload to identify periods of lower workload where a procedure would be more effective.
At the very least, the appropriate phase of flight should be examined to determine the points of lower workload. In a few situations the team may have to look at the previous phase of flight, especially if the performance problem tends to surface at the start of the landing phase. In such cases, the approach phase should be reviewed to determine if there are points of low workload where a CRM procedure could be inserted.

Developing Preliminary Procedures
With the location for the procedure identified, the next step is to consider the appropriate form of procedure. The main forms include briefs, calls, checklist items, guides, flows, non-normal procedures, and other forms of quick reference items. One of these forms should be sufficient to address most problems, but there may be cases where the integration of two forms is less intrusive and provides a better fit with the airline’s SOP.
　
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