Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(65)

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Some of the following actions that crews can take to ensure a realistic LOFT/LOE flight could be considered:
. Perform their normal flight preparation duties.
. Use radios as they would normally during flight with frequencies changed as required.
. Perform all normal communications, such as final weight checks, departure reports, and in-range reports.
. Act and operate as if on the line and interact with all resources such as maintenance, dispatch, and flight attendants.
. Plan the flight as one would a real line flight, with any service the Company or ATC normally provides available to the crew.

Debriefing the LOFT/LOE Session
After the simulator segment of the LOFT/LOE is completed, the debriefing is of key importance in reinforcing the good behaviors and identifying areas that could be improved. ACRM crew training should introduce or reinforce good crew practices in conducting a constructive debriefing. Crews should understand that debriefing is an essential part of the LOFT/LOE and the main way of providing crew performance feedback.
The modules addressing LOFT/LOE debriefing should cover all of the following topics that are directly relevant to how the airline will be conducting debriefings:
. . . . . .
. . Understanding the debriefing agenda and time limits. Stating overall appraisal of the flight. Leading the discussion using the instructor as a resource. Avoiding the pitfall of making another crewmember defensive. Integrating technical and CRM feedback into the debrief. Ensuring all crewmembers participate in the discussion and encouraging quiet crewmembers. Taking away a good summary and list of key learning points. Developing debriefing skills that can be used on the line in cases where crew critique and review is appropriate.
For further details, see McDonnell, Jobe, and Dismukes (1997) for guidelines for effective crew-focused debriefs of LOFT/LOE sessions.

Developing CrewLOS Assessment Modules
Primary Technicaland CRM Training Objectives
With ACRM’s reliance on the LOFT/LOE as an integral part of crew training and assessment, it is important that crews understand the objectives, development cycle, and event set framework of LOFT/LOE scenarios. This module or set of modules should be developed to give crews confidence in the fairness and standardization of the LOFT/LOE assessment process. In the past there have been incidents where LOS has been used in non-standard ways, with instructors inserting additional elements when the crew seem to be doing well with the events of the regular scenario. Also, there have been questions about the operational relevance of some of the older scenarios. Crews should be assured that LOS assessment under ACRM is based on specific objectives and the scenarios are operationally relevant and systematically developed. They should also be informed that all crews will be trained and assessed using the same objectives, and this will be the case no matter which instructor/evaluator they will be working with.
　
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