Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(29)

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Additional NTSB aircraft accident reports, such as the 1993 Uncontrolled Collision with Terrain at Guantanamo Bay, highlight some specific crew performance problems. Also, a large number of Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) incident reports can be searched for specific operational characteristics such as type of aircraft, flight conditions, and type of anomaly. Once an airline has identified several problem areas, an ASRS database search is useful to determine the reported incidents in those areas (see Appendix G for some Sample ASRS incident reports).

Reviewing Airline Safety and Training Reports
With the problem areas identified, either from the analysis of industry or own airline trends, it is now time to take a closer look at the safety and training data. The purpose of this review is to pinpoint specific incidents or crew performance trends that will help the CRM procedures development team better understand the nature of the performance problem at their own airline.
Crew performance problem areas may be in several forms. Some problems can be grouped by phase of flight, such as runway incidents during taxi to takeoff. A review of this type of incident should provide the main causes for such incidents. For example, some type of distraction may be taking place, or there may be a lack of monitoring and backup. Other problem areas may be associated with a specific aircraft system or subsystem, and the review will help pinpoint causal factors. For airlines collecting more detailed CRM data, the problem area may be in decision making or situation awareness. This review should identify probable causes both proximal to the problem such as “task overload,” and possibly more distal causes such as “failure to divide flying duties.”
When existing data or reports do not point to a clear cause, the development team should consider interviewing one or more individuals from the department collecting the data or producing the report. The structured interview can be a more efficient way of collecting causal data and, if successful, should reduce or eliminate the need to conduct a survey such as that described in the next subsection.
The safety and training review process can be used to familiarize the training and safety departments with the ACRM program and the performance problem identification process. If structured interviews are conducted, good introductory material should be provided to inform the interviewee about the ACRM project and the identification of CRM procedures. The interview process should be designed to be a positive and informative experience, leaving the interviewee inclined to help in future activities.

Collecting Additional Needs Data From the Organization
After a review of what has been collected to this point, a decision should be made about the evidence for CRM performance problems. If the data and information can be used to establish several patterns of crew performance problems and there are likely causal factors, no additional data collection is required. If, on the other hand, the data do not show a pattern, or if there are a number of performance problems with no particular areas of concentration, it may be useful to collect additional data via some type of needs questionnaire.
　
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