Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(113)

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Brief and Debrief Procedures
Pre-simulator briefs and post-simulator debriefs are normal light-intensity situations. Normal shutter speeds and sufficiently narrow apertures to ensure an adequate depth-of-field can be used. To be unobtrusive, position the camera as far from the instructor pilot, PIC, and SIC as possible and use the telephoto lens to frame the three persons appropriately. The lavaliere microphones are mounted on the ties of each person. For soft-spoken persons, mount the microphone just below the tie knot. Route the microphone cords down and along the floor to be as unobtrusive as possible. Avoid microphone cords or any apparatus on the table, as this will interfere with use of the weather pack and the completion of other normal preflight activities. Make certain video consent forms are read and signed before activating any of the equipment. Switch the microphones “on” and do a sound check to check audio recording levels before beginning the brief or debrief.
Simulator Procedures
Before session. Microphone cords for PIC and SIC should be routed around their seats before they enter the cockpit. PIC and SIC can then enter and be seated. We take the headsets and tape the lavaliere microphones to the microphone booms. We request the preflight actions be done with headsets on to improve the audio quality. We also request that the pilots leave the panel lights on the highest possible intensity that will not interfere with their normal routine. Auxiliary lighting is then installed as necessary to obtain the best possible video picture. Low wattage bulbs can be placed on the simulator floor behind PIC and SIC seats or can be taped part of the way up the bulkhead. The simulator instructor is also miked, and final video and sound checks are made.
During session. During the simulator session, the video operator must continue to monitor picture and sound to ensure quality. If the sim is in motion, the operator must be buckled in, but he or she can still wear the headphones to monitor sound quality. We have encountered problems with microphones gradually having more static as batteries wear out and the video camera turning itself off unexpectedly. The operator will notice the latter immediately as the sound in the headphones cuts out when the camera stops recording, at which point the operator must restart the camera and re-check sound and video quality.
After session. After the simulator session, disconnect and remove microphones, lighting, and cables quickly but carefully to move the operation back to the briefing room. After the debrief session, make sure to switch the microphones “off” to avoid draining the batteries.
Appendix F
Sample LOFT/LOE Development Materials

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LOFT/LOE SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
A structured development process is needed for LOFT/LOE that specifies the objectives and related technical and CRM skills that make up LOFT scenarios. This process should start with an analysis of the carrier's training needs and follow through to the development of the LOFT scenario, its validation, and the training of instructors that will implement and assess crew performance (see Table 1 for a listing of LOFT/LOE development steps). This LOFT/LOE scenario development process is based on the concept of event set, a group of related events that are part of the scenario and are inserted into the session for specific CRM and technical training objectives. Event sets may be used in isolation, as in a SPOT, or they may be used in groups, as in the development of a LOFT or LOE scenario. The LOFT/LOE development process makes the design of a new LOFTs easier and more systematic resulting in training that is more manageable and easier to assess by allowing instructors to concentrate on key technical and CRM objectives within any given event set.
　
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