Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(42)

Developing Introductory ACRM Modules
Background and Theory of CRM Procedures
This first set of modules, normally one or two modules, should introduce the CRM procedures and how they work to enhance crew. The initial module can explain how airlines have been very good at training technical flight skills for some time. However, they are only now in the process of identifying and developing training for the CRM skills. This module can start by outlining the status of CRM training and its evolution toward skill-based training.
Traditionally, CRM has emphasized an awareness of pilot attitudes and personality factors. More recently there has been a shift toward trainable skills that help crews in the management of resources. Currently, there is no complete listing of required CRM skills, but the CRM procedures development is a first step in identifying the key CRM skills. Over the next few years, airlines will introduce specific procedures that will help crews to practice and perfect specific CRM behaviors. At present, the instructor/evaluator training makes general references to CRM skill training, but over the next few years that training will become much more precise as the specific CRM skills required for CRM procedures are identified.
. General CRM principles have been translated into operational procedures.
. When presenting a procedure, include its rationale and an instructor activity to insure their understanding.
Another of the initial instructor/evaluator training modules should explain that the procedure development process has translated CRM principles, something very familiar to the instructors, into operational procedures, providing the airline with an opportunity to emphasize some important CRM actions that should be taken by all crews. This explanation should include these points: 1) The development of these initial CRM procedures is the first step in an ongoing process that will result in a complete set of CRM procedures for all crews. 2) The current CRM procedures were developed by a team using a set of systematic steps including the identification of airline needs, specification of the procedures, and the refinement of the procedures. 3) Instructor/evaluators were involved in the procedure development process and will be involved in the ongoing identification and specification of additional procedures.

Explaining Characteristics of New Procedures
The specific form and rationale for each CRM procedure should be explained in the introductory modules. This should include a presentation of why the specific procedure was developed based on airline needs incident data. The procedure, in its actual form, should then be presented, highlighting each of its main features. Finally, a set of questions or other form of instructor activity should be included to ensure the instructors understand all the main elements of the new CRM procedure.
For example, if the normal checklist has been expanded to include one or more briefings, the nature of the briefings and their effects on crew performance should be presented. One might explain that briefings were shifted toward lower workload times during the takeoff and approach phases of flight, and that all briefings were restructured to contain effective information relevant to the phase of flight.
　
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