Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(10)

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ACRM is directed to the training and assessment of CRM skills within crew training programs. CRM procedures become a focal point in CRM training, and those procedures allow crews to practice specific CRM behaviors both in normal and non-normal situations. The procedures help crewmembers develop a consistent pattern of crew coordination allowing crews to know what to expect from each other. The CRM procedures also serve as a constant reminder to the importance of CRM within the operational environment.
CRM procedures are an integral part of SOP. CRM procedures may be integrated within briefings, checklists, and emergency or abnormal procedures, such as those found in a QRH, the FSM, or the FOM. These procedures promote good CRM in consistent ways during appropriate times for normal and non-normal flight situations.
For example, crew communication and situation awareness can be improved by requiring specific items in briefings prior to takeoff. A takeoff brief that requires the crew to address situationally relevant items critical to that particular takeoff can be inserted during times with lower levels of workload. By having the takeoff brief address important conditions related to the airport, weather, and performance, the crew discusses those conditions that affect the takeoff. The brief should include specific plans for abnormals that may occur during takeoff. Having the briefing scheduled for the lower workload period prior to taxi helps improve situation awareness and decision making during a critical phase of flight.
. CRM procedures may be embedded in most critical crew activities.

Exampleof a CRM Procedure
CRM procedures may be embedded in a range of crew activities. Some CRM procedures, as the one shown in this example, are inserted into required crew briefings prior to critical times of flight such as approach/landing.
There are a number of cases where an airline may notice a pattern or crews are being rushed during the approach that results in the following type of incident (from ASRS Reports):
Due to the proximity of the airport, the high indicated airspeed, the excess alt and the flight crew’s anticipation of the ILS 34 approach, the workload of the flight crew was quite high...The PF descended from the published segment alt (3500’ MSL) at the 18 DME position to the published straight in landing MDA of 2000’ MSL. The FAF for the procedure
was at the 13 DME position and the PF’s premature descent put the aircraft 1500' below the published segment alt.
The following Arrival Brief was designed to help crews address the main conditions relevant to each arrival. The brief was placed at the end of cruise phase when crews have more time to review and plan for the critical conditions.

. ATIS / NOTAMS
. Brief Descent Profile
. Statement of Conditions Select and Prioritize: Fuel status/delays
Runway conditions
Low visibility procedures
Terrain / MSA
Convective activity
　
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