Developing Advanced Crew Resource Management (ACRM) Training: A Training Manual(50)

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For good IRR results, both the audio and video quality of the videotape must be excellent. Ensuring audio quality may require auxiliary microphones and control of extraneous noise. Ensuring video quality may require a special light-sensitive camera, auxiliary lighting and careful adjustment of panel lights and other ambient light sources (for more details, see Appendix E). The objective is to capture as much detail of the crew performance as possible on the video tape while not interfering with the simulator environment.

Developing and Refining Gradesheets
A LOFT/LOE gradesheet or worksheet can be an important tool in achieving standard crew performance assessment. A number of guidelines should be considered in the design of these gradesheets. The gradesheet should be organized around event sets; that unit of assessment which helps instructors to standardize the implementation as well as the assessment of LOE sessions. The gradesheet should use a standard rating scale and should depict that scale on every page. The gradesheet should include observable behaviors or topics that have been carefully identified and validated as being central to successful performance on a specific event set. The well-designed gradesheet simplifies what could be a relatively complex process: providing the instructor with debriefing areas, both the CRM and technical elements for each event set.
After ACRM instructor/evaluator training, the LOFT/LOE is the main tool used to guide the assessment process. The development of that worksheet should be based on the above guidelines as well as a number of working sessions with the instructor/evaluators. The training development team may want to prepare the first draft of the gradesheet based on event set samples from other airlines or some of its own efforts. Once the draft is prepared, it should be given to the instructor/evaluator group for comments and feedback. Some of the instructor comments will point to the need for a particular form of training, while other comments may point to needed changes in the gradesheet. This form of instructor/evaluator feedback is essential to the development of a viable gradesheet. The following two examples show the refinement process moving from a draft set to more targeted observable behaviors.
DRAFT CRM OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS 
SITUATION AWARENESS OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS 
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OTHER OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS 
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FINAL CRM OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS FOR GRADESHEET 
SITUATION AWARENESS OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS 
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