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4) Personnel & Competence – Appointment of key safety personnel, with defined competence requirements. Sufficient resources to manage and operate an effective SMS.
5) Safety Communications – A range and hierarchy of safety communication processes to enable an effective, two way flow of safety information throughout the company.
6) Safety Reporting & Investigation – Safety reporting procedures covering regulatory required reports and lower level incidents and occurrences and an investigation process to generate and follow to closure, internal recommendations.
7) Management of Change – A defined procedure to manage the risks associated with signifi-cant change related to aircraft operations, including key personnel.
8) Hazard/Risk Management – See section 3.4 for more detail.
9) Quality Assurance (QA)– An internal process focused on providing confidence that the risk controls specified through regulation, company operating procedures and the risk man-agement process are effective within all flight operations, maintenance and ground operations activities. See Section 3.6 for more details.
10) Senior Management Review – A management review process, based on a defined meeting schedule, that gives senior managers visibility of the SMS activity, in particular safety report-ing, hazard management and QA issues.
Relevant elements should also be co-ordinated to ensure actions complement one another and sup-port the effectiveness of the whole SMS.
Required SMS elements & relationships
3.4 Hazard/risk management processs
The hazard management process, previously and sometimes referred to as a Safety Case, is not gen-erally well defined within the reference guidance or well understood by a number of operators, but forms an essential element in managing risk to as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). Further guidance is therefore provided in this section.
Regardless of the size of the operator, its SMS is required to include a Hazard/Risk Management Process. Although the systems and procedures used will vary by operator and need to be aligned to complement the other elements of the SMS, the Hazard/Risk Management Process should contain the elements and links shown below. Like the SMS, the size and complexity of the elements is likely to reflect the size and complexity of the operator.
More detail and explanation of the use of a Risk Assessment Matrix (RAM) for the risk analysis stage and bow tie analysis for the identification of controls stage, is found at Appendix 1.
The Hazard/Risk Management process must identify and address both generic, mission specific and location specific hazards. The hazards should be recorded in a hazard register in a format that:
. shows the risk assessment score assigned to each hazard;
. links the hazards to specific controls and (bowtie) recovery measures;
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