1) Six months between Recurrent Flight Training and Flight / Line Check
2) Predicated on single engine airplane for Aerial Observation
Pipeline patrol specific observer role experience
In addition to experience requirements contained in this appendix, the following requirements are recommended for all aircrew:
a) Successful completion of a pipeline observer training program.
b) DOT Operator Qualification Program completed and current.
c) Enrolled in an operator approved Drug and Alcohol program.
A11.8 Pilot flight & duty time
The pilot flight and duty time limitations described in Section 5.6 of this guide should be applied.
A11.9 Collision avoidance
There is an increased likelihood of traffic confliction with military low-level traffic; power line inspection flights; aerial work and private flying activity, often beneath ATC radio coverage. The following measures have been shown to alleviate the hazards:
a) Collision avoidance equipment described in the ‘aircraft configuration’ section above.
b) An optimum operating height should be maintained at 500 feet AGL or higher. An excep-tion is granted when an appropriate low level waiver is in place and the piot has read and signed the waiver which is carried in the aircraft.
c) Every effort must be made to co-ordinate with other airspace users through a notification system.
SSR Transponders should always be turned on even if operating outside controlled airspace or in remote areas. Other aircraft which may be operating in the low level environment are typically equipped with collision avoidance equipment that relies on detecting transponder signals from potentially conflicting aircraft.
A11.10 Passengers – crew members
Passengers should normally not be carried during aerial surveillance operations, unless they are per-forming work related to the flight. In such cases they should be considered ‘crew members’, if not in contravention to local regulations. In Addition to the normal passenger briefing described in Section 9.5, persons acting as crew members will be briefed on their responsibilities by the pilot to include:
1) Primary responsibility of the crewmember is to act as an observer.
2) Route of flight
3) Map briefing pointing out all known hazards.
4) Weather enroute and at destination
5) Altitudes
6) Emergency procedures
7) Other duty assigned by the PIC.
The decision to operate using an observer in addition to a single pilot should be determined by the pipeline company based on a formal risk assessment. The aircraft operator should be consulted for input during the risk assessment process. Factors that need to be taken into account when perform-ing a risk assessment include whether the operating area is considered hostile or non hostile, the availability of Search and Rescue, aircraft traffic, urban areas, and the availability of real time flight following. An observer should be used if there exists a significant risk to the operation based on the results of the risk assessment. These observers should receive appropriate initial and recurrent train-ing following a written curriculum with appropriate testing. Recommended subjects include duties, responsibilities, observation techniques, and radio procedures.
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