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FIG 3-10-15
Simulated Flameout [2]
FIG 3-10-16
Emergency Landing Pattern
2/14/08 JO 7110.65S
Helicopter Operations 3-11-1
Section 11. Helicopter Operations
3-11-1. TAXI AND GROUND MOVEMENT
OPERATION
a. When necessary for a wheeled helicopter to taxi
on the surface, use the phraseology in para3-7-2,
Taxi and Ground Movement Operations.
NOTEGround
taxiing uses less fuel than hover‐taxiing and
minimizes air turbulence. However, under certain
conditions, such as rough, soft, or uneven terrain, it may
become necessary to hover/air‐taxi for safety considerations.
Helicopters with articulating rotors (usually designs
with three or more main rotor blades) are subject to
“ground resonance” and may, on rare occasions, suddenly
lift off the ground to avoid severe damage or destruction.
b. When requested or necessary for a helicopter/
VTOL aircraft to proceed at a slow speed above the
surface, normally below 20 knots and in ground
effect, use the following phraseology, supplemented
as appropriate with the phraseology in para 3-7-2,
Taxi and Ground Movement Operations.
PHRASEOLOGYHOVER‐
TAXI (supplemented, as appropriate, from
para3-7-2, Taxi and Ground Movement Operations.)
CAUTION (dust, blowing snow, loose debris, taxiing light
aircraft, personnel, etc.).
NOTEHover‐
taxiing consumes fuel at a high burn rate, and
helicopter downwash turbulence (produced in ground
effect) increases significantly with larger and heavier
helicopters.
REFERENCEP/
CG Term- Hover Taxi.
AIM, Para 4-3-17, VFR Helicopter Operations at Controlled Airports.
c. When requested or necessary for a helicopter to
proceed expeditiously from one point to another,
normally below 100 feet AGL and at airspeeds above
20 knots, use the following phraseology, supplemented
as appropriate with the phraseology in
para3-7-2, Taxi and Ground Movement Operations.
PHRASEOLOGYAIR‐
TAXI:
VIA (direct, as requested, or specified route)
TO (location, heliport, helipad, operating/movement area,
active/inactive runway).
AVOID (aircraft/vehicles/personnel).
If required,
REMAIN AT OR BELOW (altitude).
CAUTION (wake turbulence or other reasons above).
LAND AND CONTACT TOWER,
or
HOLD FOR (reason- takeoff clearance, release,
landing/taxiing aircraft, etc.).
NOTEAir‐
taxi is the preferred method for helicopter movements
on airports provided ground operations/conditions permit.
Air‐taxi authorizes the pilot to proceed above the surface
either via hover‐taxi or flight at speeds more than 20 knots.
Unless otherwise requested or instructed, the pilot is
expected to remain below 100 feet AGL. The pilot is solely
responsible for selecting a safe airspeed for the
altitude/operation being conducted.
REFERENCEP/
CG Term- Air Taxi.
AIM, Para 4-3-17, VFR Helicopter Operations at Controlled Airports.
WAKE TURBULENCE APPLICATION
d. Avoid clearances which require small aircraft or
helicopters to taxi in close proximity to taxiing or
hover‐taxi helicopters.
REFERENCEAC
90-23, Aircraft Wake Turbulence, Para 10 and Para 11.
3-11-2. HELICOPTER TAKEOFF
CLEARANCE
a. Issue takeoff clearance from movement areas
other than active runways, or in diverse directions
from active runways, with additional instructions, as
necessary. Whenever possible, issue takeoff clearance
in lieu of extended hover‐taxi or air‐taxi
operations.
PHRASEOLOGY-
(Present position, taxiway, helipad, numbers) MAKE
RIGHT/LEFT TURN FOR (direction, points of compass,
heading, NAVAID radial) DEPARTURE/DEPARTURE
ROUTE (number, name, or code), AVOID (aircraft/
vehicles/personnel),
or
JO 7110.65S 2/14/08
3-11-2 Helicopter Operations
REMAIN (direction) OF (active runways, parking areas,
passenger terminals, etc.).
CAUTION (power lines, unlighted obstructions, trees,
wake turbulence, etc.).
CLEARED FOR TAKEOFF.
b. If takeoff is requested from nonmovement areas
and, in your judgment, the operation appears to be
reasonable, use the following phraseology instead of
the takeoff clearance in subpara a.
PHRASEOLOGYPROCEED
AS REQUESTED, USE CAUTION (reason
and additional instructions, as appropriate).
c. If takeoff is requested from an area not visible,
an area not authorized for helicopter use, an unlighted
nonmovement area at night, or an area off the airport,
and traffic is not a factor, use the following
phraseology.
PHRASEOLOGYDEPARTURE
FROM (requested location) WILL BE AT
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