FLIGHT INFORMATION PUBLICATION GENERAL PLANNING(62)

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OUTER COMPASS LOCATOR - (See Compass Locator)
OUTER FIX - A general term used within Air Traffic Control to describe fixes in the terminal area, other than the final approach fix. Aircraft are normally cleared to these fixes by an Air Route Traffic Control Center or an Approach Control Facility. Aircraft are normally cleared from these fixes to the final approach fix or final approach course.
OUTER MARKER/OM - A marker beacon at or near the glide slope intercept altitude of an Instrument Landing System approach. It is keyed to transmit two dashes per second on a 400 Hertz tone which is received aurally and visually by compatible airborne equipment. The Outer Marker is normally located four to seven miles from the runway threshold on the extended centerline of the runway. (See Marker Beacon, Instrument Landing System)
OVER - My transmission is ended; I expect a response.
OVERHEAD APPROACH/360 OVERHEAD - A series of predetermined maneuvers prescribed for Visual Flight Rules arrival of military aircraft (often in formation) for entry into the Visual Flight Rules traffic pattern and to proceed to a landing. The pattern usually specifies the following:
(1)
The radio contact required of the pilot.

(2)
The speed to be maintained.

(3)
An initial approach 3 to 5 miles in length.

(4)
An elliptical pattern consisting of two 180 degree turns.

(5)
A break point at which the first 180 degree turn is started.

(6) The direction of turns.

(7)
Altitude (at least 500 feet above the conventional pattern).

(8)
A “Roll-out” on final approach not less than 1/4 mile from the landing threshold and not less than 300 feet above the ground.

OVERRUN - An area beyond the take-off runway no less wide than the runway and centered upon the extended centerline of the runway, able to support the airplane during an aborted take-off, without causing structural damage to the airplane, and designated by the airport authorities for use in decelerating the airplane during an aborted take-off. (STOPWAY term used for civil airports.)

PAN-PAN (P/CG) - The international radio-telephony urgency signal. When repeated three times indicates uncertainty or alert, followed by nature of urgency. (See MAYDAY)
PAN (JCS) - In air intercept, a code meaning the calling station has a very urgent message to transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft, or other vehicle, or of some person on board or within sight.
PARALLEL INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM/MICROWAVE LANDING SYSTEM APPROACHES - Approaches to parallel runways by IFR aircraft which, when established inbound toward the airport on the adjacent final approach courses, are radar-separated by at least 2 miles. (See Final Approach Course, Simultaneous Instrument Landing System/Microwave Landing System Approaches)
PARALLEL OFFSET ROUTE - A parallel track to the left or right of the designated or established airway/route. Normally associated with area navigation (RNAV) Operations. (See Area Navigation)
PARALLEL RUNWAYS - Two or more runways at the same airport whose centerlines are parallel. In addition to runway number, parallel runways are designated as L (left) and R (right) or, if three parallel runways exist, L (left), C (center), and R (right).
PENETRATION (JCS) - That portion of a published High Altitude Terminal Instrument Approach Procedure which prescribes a descent path from the Fix on which the procedure is based to a Fix or altitude from which an approach to the airport is made.
PERMANENT ECHO - Radar signals reflected from fixed objects on the earth's surface; e.g., buildings, towers, terrain. Permanent echoes are distinguished from "ground clutter" by being definable locations rather than large areas. Under certain conditions they may be used to check radar alignment.
PHOTO RECONNAISSANCE (PR) - Military activity that requires locating individual photo targets and navigating to the targets at a preplanned angle and altitude. The activity normally requires a lateral route width of 16 nautical miles and altitude range of 1,500 feet to 10,000 feet above ground level.
　
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