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DISCRETE FREQUENCY - A separate radio frequency for use in direct pilot-controller communications in Air Traffic Control which reduces frequency congestion by controlling the number of aircraft operating on a particular frequency at one time. Discrete frequencies are normally designated for each control sector in enroute/terminal Air Traffic Control facilities. Discrete frequencies are listed in the Airport/Facility Directory, and DoD FLIP IFR Enroute Supplement. (See Control Sector).
DISPLACED THRESHOLD - A threshold that is located at a point on the runway other than the designated beginning of the runway. (See Threshold).
DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT/DME - Equipment (airborne and ground) used to measure, in nautical miles, the slant range distance of an aircraft from the DME navigation aid. (See TACAN, VORTAC, Microwave Landing System).
DISTRESS - A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger, and of requiring immediate assistance.
DIVERSE DEPARTURE - If the airport has at least one instrument approach procedure (IAP), and there are no published IFR departure procedures (because there were no penetrations to the
40:1 obstacle identification surface (OIS)), then an aircraft departing under IFR can ensure obstacle clearance by executing a “diverse departure”. ATC will not specifically clear an aircraft for a diverse departure; the clearance may simply be cleared as filed. In order to fly a diverse departure, fly runway heading until 400 feet above the field elevation before executing any turns while maintaining a minimum climb gradient of 200 feet per nautical mile (unless a higher gradient is published) until reaching a minimum IFR altitude.
DIVERSE VECTOR AREA/DVA - In a radar environment, that area in which a prescribed departure route is not required as the only suitable route to avoid obstacles. The area in which random radar vectors below the Minimum Vectoring Altitude/Minimum IFR Altitude, established in accordance with the TERPS criteria for diverse departures, obstacles and terrain avoidance, may be issued to departing aircraft.
DME FIX - A geographical position determined by reference to a navigational aid which provides distance and azimuth information. It is defined by a specific distance in nautical miles and a radial, azimuth or course (i.e., localizer) in degrees magnetic from that aid. (See Distance Measuring Equipment/DME, Fix, Microwave Landing System).
DME SEPARATION - Spacing of aircraft in terms of distances (nautical miles determined by reference to Distance Measuring Equipment (DME). (See Distance Measuring Equipment).
DoD FLIP - Department of Defense Flight Information Publications or Digital Data used for flight planning, enroute, and terminal operations. FLIP is produced by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency for world-wide use. United States Government Flight Information Publications (enroute charts and instrument approach procedure charts) are incorporated in DoD FLIP for use in the National Airspace System (NAS).
DOWNBURST - A strong downdraft which induces an outburst of damaging winds on or near the ground. Damaging winds either straight or curved, are highly divergent. The sizes of downbursts vary from 1/2 mile or less to more than 10 miles. An intense downburst often causes widespread damage. Damaging winds, lasting 5 to 30 minutes, could reach speeds as high as 120 knots.
DOWNWIND LEG - (See Traffic Pattern).
DRAG CHUTE - A parachute device installed on certain aircraft which is deployed on landing roll to assist in deceleration of the aircraft.
EMERGENCY - A DISTRESS or URGENCY condition.
EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER/ELT - A radio transmitter attached to the aircraft structure which operates from its own power source on 121.5 Megahertz and 243.0 Megahertz. It aids in locating downed aircraft by radiating a downward sweeping audio tone, 2-4 times per second. It is designed to function without human action after an accident. (Refer to Federal Air Regulations Part 91)
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