FLIGHT INFORMATION PUBLICATION GENERAL PLANNING(31)

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CONTROL AREA - (See Controlled Airspace)
CONTROL SECTOR (P/CG) - An airspace area of defined horizontal and vertical dimensions for which a controller, or group of controllers, has Air Traffic Control responsibility, normally within an Air Route Traffic Control Center or an approach control facility. Sectors are established based on predominant traffic flows, altitude strata, and controller workload. Pilot-communications during operations within a sector are normally maintained on discrete frequencies assigned to the sector. (See Discrete Frequency)
CONTROL SECTOR (ICAO) - A subdivision of a designated Control Area within which responsibility is assigned to one controller or to a small group of controllers.
CONTROL SLASH - A radar beacon slash representing the actual position of the associated aircraft. Normally, the control slash is the one closest to the interrogating radar beacon site. When Air Route Traffic Control Center radar is operating in narrow band (digitized) mode, the control slash is converted to a target symbol.
CONTROL ZONE - (See Controlled Airspace)
CONTROLLED AERODROME (ICAO) - An aerodrome at which Air Traffic Control service is provided to aerodrome traffic.
NOTE: The term "Controlled Aerodrome" indicates that Air Traffic Control service is provided to aerodrome traffic but does not necessarily imply that a Control Zone exists.
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE (P/CG) - An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control service is provided to IFR flights and to VFR flights in accordance with airspace classification.
(1)
Controlled airspace is a generic term that covers Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D, and Class E airspace.

(2)
Controlled airspace is also that airspace within which all aircraft operators are subject to certain pilot qualifications, operating rules, and equipment requirements in FAR Part 91 (for specific operating requirements, please refer to FAR Part 91). For IFR operations in any class of controlled airspace, a pilot must file an IFR flight plan and receive an appropriate ATC clearance. Each Class B, Class C, and Class D airspace area designated for an airport contains at least one primary airport around which airspace is designated (for specific designations and descriptions of the airspace classes, please refer to FAR Part 71).

(3)
Controlled airspace in the United States is designated as follows:

(a)
CLASS A: Generally, that airspace from 18,000 feet MSL up to and including FL600, including the airspace overlying the waters within 12 nautical miles of the coast of the 48 contiguous States and Alaska. Unless otherwise authorized, all persons must operate their aircraft under IFR.

(b)
CLASS B: Generally, that airspace from the surface to 10,000 feet MSL surrounding the nation's busiest airports in terms of airport operations or passenger enplanements. The configuration of each Class B airspace area is individually tailored and consists of a surface area and two more layers (some Class B airspaces areas resemble upside-down wedding cakes), and is designed to contain all published instrument procedures once an aircraft enters the airspace. An ATC clearance is required for all aircraft to operate in the area, and all aircraft that are so cleared receive separation services within the airspace. The cloud clearance requirements for VFR operations is "clear of clouds".

(c)
CLASS C: Generally, that airspace from the surface to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation (charted in MSL) surrounding those airports that have an operational control tower, are serviced by a radar approach control, and that have a certain number of IFR operations or passenger enplanements. Although the configuration of each Class C area is individually tailored, the airspace usually consists of a surface area with a 5 nautical mile (NM) radius, an outer circle with a 10 NM radius that extends from 1,200 feet to 4,000 feet above the airport elevation and an outer area. Each person must establish two-way radio communications with the ATC facility providing air traffic services prior to entering the airspace and thereafter maintain those communications while within the airspace. VFR aircraft are only separated from IFR aircraft within the airspace. (See OUTER AREA)
　
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