(1)
STRAIGHT-IN AREA - A 30 NM arc centered on the IF bounded by a straight line extending through the IF perpendicular to the intermediate course.
(2)
LEFT BASE AREA - A 30 NM arc centered on the right corner IAF. The area shares a boundary with the straight-in area except that it extends out for 30 NM from the IAF and is bounded on the other side by a line extending from the IF through the FAF to the arc.
(3)
RIGHT BASE AREA - A 30 NM arc centered on the left corner IAF. The area shares a boundary with the straight-in area except that it extends out for 30 NM from the IAF and is bounded on the other side by a line extending from IF through the FAF to the arc.
AREA NAVIGATION/RNAV (P/CG) - A method of navigation that permits aircraft operation on any desired course within the coverage of station referenced navigation signals or within the limits of self-contained system capability. Random area navigation routes are direct routes, based on area navigation capability, between waypoints defined in terms of latitude/longitude coordinates, degree/distance fixes, or offsets from published or established routes/airways at a specified distance and direction. The major types of equipment are:
(1)
VORTAC referenced or Course Line Computer (CLC) system, which account for the greatest number of RNAV units in use. To function, the CLC must be within the service range of a VORTAC.
(2)
Inertial (INS) systems, which are totally self- contained and require no information from external references. They provide aircraft position and navigation information in response to signals resulting from inertial effects on components within the system.
(3)
Microwave Landing System Area Navigation (MLS/RNAV), which provides area navigation with reference to a Microwave Landing System ground facility.
(4)
LORAN-C is a long range radio navigation system that uses ground waves transmitted at low frequency to provide user position information at range of up to 600 to 1,200 nautical miles at both enroute and approach altitudes. The usable signal coverage areas are determined by the signal-to-noise ratio, the envelope-to-cycle difference, and the geometric relationship between the positions of the user and the transmitting stations.
(5) GPS - is a space-base radio positioning, navigation, and time-transfer system. The system provides highly accurate position and velocity information, and precise time, on a continuous global basis, to an unlimited number of properly equipped users. The system is unaffected by weather, and provides a worldwide common grid reference system.
AREA NAVIGATION/RNAV (ICAO) - A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station referenced navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self contained aids or a combination of these.
ARMY AVIATION FLIGHT INFORMATION BULLETIN/USAFIB - A bulletin that provides air operation data covering Army, National Guard, and Army Reserve aviation activities.
ARRESTING SYSTEM - A safety device consisting of two major components, namely, engaging or catching devices and energy absorption devices for the purpose of arresting both tail hook and/or non-tail hook equipped aircraft. It is used to prevent aircraft from overrunning runways when the aircraft cannot be stopped after landing or during aborted take-off. Arresting systems have various names, e.g., arresting gear, hook device, wire, barrier cable. (See Abort)
ARRIVAL TIME - The time an aircraft touches down on arrival.
ARTCC - (See Air Route Traffic Control Center)
ASR APPROACH - (See Surveillance Approach)
ASSIGNED VARIATION (NGA) - A fixed magnetic variation value assigned to each TACAN, VOR, VOR-DME, or VORTAC navigation aid. This value is applied to true directions to obtain magnetic directions for radial, course, bearing, and heading values published in instrument flight documents, chart and terminal procedures. Periodic updating and recording of the assigned variation is accomplished to maintain navigation aid alignment with the earth's continuously changing magnetic field. Because of the earth's changing magnetic field, a difference between the actual magnetic variation and the fixed assigned variation will develop until the assigned variation is updated. For example, a VOR is commissioned at a location where the magnetic variation is 3 degrees East. The VOR's 360 degrees radius is aligned to magnetic North by applying the 3 degrees East variation to True North. The initial assigned variation is, therefore, 3 degrees East. As the earth's magnetic field changes, the magnetic variation also changes, causing a difference to develop between the magnetic variation and the fixed assigned variation. When this difference reaches a specified limit, the assigned variation will be updated to match the magnetic variation.
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