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BROADCAST (ICAO) - A transmission of information relating to air navigation that is not addressed to a specific station or stations.
BUFFER ZONE - An area in which flying Operations by United States military aircraft are restricted to specific categories of flights and for which special flight approval, clearance and operating procedures are directed.
CALL-UP - Initial voice contact between a facility and an aircraft, using the identification of the unit being called and the unit initiating the call.
CARDINAL ALTITUDE OR FLIGHT LEVELS - "Odd" or "Even" thousand-foot altitudes or Flight Levels; e.g., 5000, 6000, 7000, FL250, FL260, FL270. (See Altitude, Flight Levels)
CEILING (P/CG) - The height above the earth's surface of the lowest layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena that is reported as "broken," "Overcast," or "obscuration."
CEILING (ICAO) - The height above the ground or water of the base of the lowest layer of cloud below 6000 meters (20,000 feet) covering more than half the sky.
CELESTIAL NAVIGATION (USAF) - The determination of geographical position by reference to celestial bodies. Normally used in aviation as a secondary means of position determination. (See Navigational Aid/Navaid) (Reference AFM 51-40) CENTER - (See Air Route Traffic Control Center)
CENTER'S AREA - The specified airspace within which an air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) provides Air Traffic Control and advisory service. (See Air Route Traffic Control Center)
CENTER WEATHER ADVISORY/CWA - An unscheduled weather advisory issued by center weather service unit Meteorologists for Air Traffic Control use to alert pilots of existing or anticipated adverse weather conditions within the next 2 hours. A CWA may modify or redefine Significant Meteorological Information. (See SIGMET, Convective SIGMET, Severe Weather Forecast Alerts, and AIRMET).
CHAFF (P/CG) - Thin, narrow metallic reflectors of various lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect radar energy. These reflectors when dropped from aircraft and allowed to drift downward result in large targets on the radar display.
CHAFF (JCS, NATO) - Radar confusion reflectors, which consist of thin, narrow metallic strips of various lengths and frequency responses, used to reflect echoes for confusion purposes.
CHANGEOVER POINTS/COP (USAF) - The COP is a point along the route or airway segment between two adjacent navigation facilities or waypoints where the pilot should change navigation receiver frequency from the station behind the aircraft to the station ahead. (See Chapter 5, Enroute Section).
CHARTED VFR FLYWAYS - Flight paths recommended for use to bypass areas heavily traversed by large turbine-powered aircraft. Pilot compliance with recommended flyways and associated altitudes is strictly voluntary. VFR Flyway Planning charts are published on the back of existing VFR Terminal Area charts.
CHARTED VISUAL FLIGHT PROCEDURE APPROACH (P/CG) - An approach conducted while operating on an instrument flight rules (IFR) flight plan which authorizes the pilot of an aircraft to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport via visual landmarks and other information depicted on a charted visual flight procedure. This approach must be authorized and under the control of the appropriate air traffic control facility. Weather minimums required are depicted on the chart.
CHASE/CHASE AIRCRAFT - An aircraft flown in proximity to another aircraft normally to observe its performance during training or testing.
CIRCLE TO LAND MANEUVER/CIRCLING MANEUVER - A maneuver initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing when a straight-in landing from an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable. This maneuver is made only after Air Traffic Control authorization has been obtained and the pilot has established required visual reference to the airport. (See Circle to Runway, Landing Minimums)
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FLIGHT INFORMATION PUBLICATION GENERAL PLANNING(27)
