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a. Hypothermia. (Lowering of body core temperature). Hypothermia can occur in above
zero temperatures. The symptoms are incoherence, slowing down, stumbling and
weakness. These symptoms may be mistaken for fatigue. To treat hypothermia
protect casualty from wind change wet clothing for dry and use body warmth and
insulation to warm.
b. Frostbite.The symptoms are tingling numbing sensation with waxy white appearance.
Gently rewarm areas using body heat if nothing else is available. If deep frostbite
has occurred leave frozen until rescued.
c. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Ventilate shelters where a stove is used for two 6CM
holes in door and roof. Do not light fires inside enclosed shelters.
d. Snow Blindness. Prevent too much light entering eyes by using sunglasses or
eyeshields. Keep eyes covered to recover from snow blindness.
e. Dehydration. Cold will decrease thirst sensation. Check colour of urine to avoid
unintentional dehydration. To maintain body core temperature drink warm water.
4.7.5 Shelters.
4.7.5.1 The Lean-to with fire and reflector will provide good protection in wooded temperate
conditions. An improvised igloo can be made by covering branches, rafts etc., with a
parachute and covering with 25CM of snow, letting set and then removing the core. The
A-Frame must be modified with 25 cm of snow cover to provide thermal protection. The
quickest shelter to build without a shovel is the snow cave. Probe before building to check
snow depth. Smooth walls to prevent dripping and construct a cold sump. Stay dry when
digging. A snow trench may be constructed with a saw in hard snow.
4.7.6 Location
4.7.6.1 Safety Equipment
4.7.6.2 When moving always carry location aids and protect them from deterioration. Do not fire
pyrotechnics until SAR is sighted. Consider the best use of aids:
a. survival radios/beacons,
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b. signal mirror,
c. day/night flares,
d. rockets,
e. strobe,
f. signal panels, and
g. sea dye marker.
4.7.6.3 Improvised Aids.
a. Improve rescue chances by constructing fires and ground signals.
b. Signal Fires:
(i) Initially use campfire
(ii) 3 fires 30M apart in line or triangle.
(iii) Burn greenery or wreckage to produce smoke during the day
4.7.6.4 Ground Signals.
Ground signals should be 1 M wide and 6 M long and must contrast with environment
by using angles, colour, reflective material and shadow.
5. AIR DEFENCE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ) PROCEDURES
5.1 The following general rules and procedures apply to enable identification of air traffic
entering any designated Air Defence Identification Zone (ADIZ) under the control of
Australia.
5.2 An ADIZ is a defined area of airspace within which certain rules for the security control
of air traffic are mandatory.
5.3 An ADIZ is airspace of defined dimensions within which identification of all aircraft is
required.
5.4 When a flight is intended to operate within an ADIZ, the pilot, unless exempted in
accordance with the next para, must:
a. lodge a flight plan covering flight within the ADIZ with the appropriate ATS unit at
least 60 minutes before entry into the ADIZ;
b. report position to ATS when passing each position reporting point within the ADIZ;
c. report position to ATS at ADIZ boundary with a geographical reference (eg, 15NM
east of ...) or, if the departure point is within 100NM of the ADIZ boundary, report
departure;
d. report departure if departing from a point in the ADIZ;
e. maintain a continuous listening watch on the communications frequency of the
appropriate ATS unit or on another frequency as directed until the flight is through
the ADIZ;
f. not deliberately deviate from tracks and altitudes filed in the flight plan unless prior
ATC clearance is obtained, or, outside controlled airspace, notification is given to
the appropriate ATS unit. and
g. activate transponder when within 100NM of the ADIZ and when operating within the
ADIZ.
5.5 The following flights over Australia and its territorial waters are exempted from compliance
with the requirements of the previous para:
a. a flight originating within a ADIZ which maintains a steady outbound track;
b. a flight which remains within 10NM of the point of departure;
c. aircraft performing published approach, holding or recovery procedures; and
d. a flight conducted in accordance with special procedures arranged with the Area Air
Defence Commander.
5.6 Flight plans lodged in accordance with para 5.4 must include details of:
a. tracks and altitudes to be flown while operating in the ADIZ;
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