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I THREE LIGHTS FLY DOWN 94FT to 176FT
The previous dimensions may vary by 15 FT, depending on the location of the system
as dictated by siting requirements.
23.7 The initial intensity of the system is determined by ATS, but may be varied at the request
of the pilot.
23.8 PAPI
a. The PAPI system consists of a wing bar of 4 (or paired single lamp) lights equally
spaced located on the left side of the RWY unless it is physically impracticable to
do so.
b. The height quoted in FT is the MNM EYE HEIGHT at THR, i.e. the lowest height at
which an "on glidepath" indication will be seen.
c. The wing bar of a PAPI is arranged in such a manner that a pilot making an APCH
will:
(i) when on or close to the APCH slope, see the two units nearest the RWY as red
and the two units farthest from the RWY as white;
(ii) when ABV the approach slope, see the one unit nearest the RWY as red and
the three units farthest from the RWY as white; and when further above the
APCH slope, see all the units as white;and
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ERSA INTRODUCTION 24-Nov-2005 INTRO - 15
(iii) when BLW the APCH slope, see the three units nearest the RWY as red and
the unit farthest from the RWY as white; and when further BLW the APCH slope,
see all the units as red.
24. RADIO NAVIGATION AND LANDING AIDS
24.1 Distance Measuring Equipment
a. The DME system uses the channels designated in ICAO Annex 10 for operation
with the VOR FREQ selected for the same AD. This "pairing" of the VOR and the
DME thus permits airborne equipment suitably designed, to display both DME and
VOR INFO by the selection of only the VOR FREQ.
b. TACAN has also been installed at a number of MIL and joint user AD and the DME
element of these installations is AVBL to civil ACFT equipped with 1000 DME. This
element will normally be paired with VOR where both facilities are established at a
joint user AD/WI the ICAO Annex 10 collocation DIST RQMNTS.
c. The availability of associated VOR and DME INFO is shown in ERSA, ERC, AC and
on FLIP Terminal charts in one of the FLW forms.
VOR/DME 112.7
VOR 113.7
DME 112.7/74X
TACAN 84
24.2 Bearings, Distance and Hours of Aids
Bearings and distance given is from the aid to the ARP, (shown in DEG MAG and NM)
unless noted that the bearing and distance is to the appropriate RWY THR. Navigation
aids HR of OPS H24 unless otherwise shown.
24.3 Hazard Beacons (HBO)
Hazard Beacons are utilised as an aid to navigation for obstacle avoidance in the vicinity
of aerodromes. HBO are either HIOL or MIOL (see Aerodrome and Approach Lighting).
25. COMMON TRAFFIC ADVISORY FREQUENCY (CTAF)
25.1 Frequencies to be used for operations at aerodromes are listed against locations under
the heading "CTAF".
25.2 At some aerodromes the carriage and use of radio is required. This is annotated by CTAF
[frequency](R).
25.3 Pilots of inbound traffic should monitor and communicate as appropriate on the designated
CTAF from 10 miles to landing. Pilots of departing aircraft should monitor/communicate
on the appropriate frequency from start-up, during taxi, and until 10 miles from the airport
unless local procedures require otherwise.
25.4 Pilots of aircraft conducting other than arriving or departing operations at altitudes normally
used by arriving and departing aircraft should monitor/communicate on the appropriate
frequency while within 10 miles of the airport unless required to do otherwise by local
procedures. Such operations include parachute jumping/dropping, en route, practicing
manoeuvres, etc
26. AERODROME FREQUENCY RESPONSE UNIT (AFRU)
26.1 An aerodrome frequency response unit will provide an automatic response when pilots
transmit on the traffic frequency for the particular aerodrome, normally the CTAF. It will
assist in indicating inadvertent selection of the incorrect VHF frequency when pilots
operate into uncontrolled aerodromes.
26.2 At locations where an AFRU is installed, the entry "AFRU" is included in the CTAF heading.
26.3 When an ACFT operating within approximately 20 to 30 NM of the AFRU makes a
transmission of 2 secs duration or more on the aerodrome FREQ, the AFRU will
automatically respond with one of the following types of transmissions:
a. If no other ACFT transmissions have been received within the previous 5 minutes,
a pre-recorded voice message comprising aerodrome identification followed by
"CTAF"; or
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ERSA INTRODUCTION 24-Nov-2005 INTRO - 16
b. If any ACFT transmissions have been received within the previous 5 minutes, a low
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