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Check colour of urine, dehydration impairs performance and does not decrease
water consumption. Hold reliable water sources in reserve;
b. In hot areas wear clothes wet during day and remain in shade. This will halve water
loss by minimising sweating. Protect eyes and skin against sun. Do not exit raft to
swim;
c. Eat only carbohydrates. Fish should not be eaten if short of water, sun dry until rain
provides sufficient water. Fish that have an unusual shape, features or skin instead
of scales should not be eaten;
d. Avoid seasickness. Use seasick tablets, seasickness will wear off.
e. Do not drink seawater or urine.
4.6.1 Keep Raft Dry,
Avoid immersion, foot and raft sores.
4.6.2 Discourage Predators
a. Do not trail attractive items.
b. Discard waste well away from raft at night.
4.6.3 Travel.
A small amount of control is possible by adjusting raft for wind or currents.
4.7 Jungle Survival
4.7.1 Immediate Action
a. Orientate and rendezvous with crew. (Stay fully clothed when moving in jungle);
b. If wreckage is hidden, move to nearby clearing to assist SAR.
c. activate ELT immediately.
4.7.2 Essential Rules For Jungle Survival:
a. Protection - water and food will be readily available in the jungle but location by SAR
will be difficult.
b. Set up location aids. Select sites to give location aids best possible ranges. Build
fires with smoke to penetrate canopy (refer to "Improvised Aids in Location" section).
c. Sterilise water and animal food. Boil water for 5 minutes or use sterilising tablets.
Discard animal food that shows any sign of disease. Always cook animal food to kill
parasites.
d. If food is not recognised as safe, apply edibility test.
(i) Discard stinging plants, fungi, plants with milky sap or with the smell of almonds
or peaches.
(ii) Discard food that irritates sensitive skin areas and mouth.
(iii) Chew a teaspoon quantity and spit out, discard if reaction occurs in 5 minutes.
(iv) Eat a teaspoon quantity and discard if reaction occurs in 4 hours and
(v) Eat two teaspoons quantities-plant is safe if no reaction occurs in 4 hours.
e. Do not travel unless habitation seen nearby or search scaled down. Travel rate can
be as slow as 500M/HR. Creeks and ridgelines will give fastest travel. Leave
messages at crashsite and camp and blaze trail if travelling.
4.7.3 Shelters
a. A shelter will be required in rain or if overnighting.
b. Two taut separated layers of parachute at 60DEG or natural thatching at 45DEG will
provide a waterproof shelter.
c. A single taut layer of parachute at 45DEG will provide a shower proof shelter.
d. Keep off the ground to avoid insects and parasites.
4.7.4 Cold Weather Survival
4.7.4.1 Immediate Action:
a. Adjust clothing - protect hands and head.
b. Shelter from high winds. (Aircraft interior will provide windproof shelter but little
thermal protection).
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EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 24-Nov-2005 EMERG - 21
4.7.4.2 Essential Rules For Cold Weather Survival
a. A drop in body core temperature will mentally effect the survivor, impairing work.
The onset is difficult to detect and shivering should be taken as the first warning that
heat losses must be minimised. Dressed only in flying clothing, survival chances are
good, if a thermal windproof shelter is constructed quickly.
b. Keep clothing dry. Heat loss from wet clothing is 20 times greater than dry.
c. Remove clothing to avoid sweating while working.
(i) Do not let snow melt on clothing.
(ii) Keep feet dry by preventing snow entering boots.
(iii) Loosen clothing to trap air.
(iv) Use a windproof layer to stop wind chill.
d. Construct a shelter. If rescue is delayed then the windproof shelter used in the
immediate action must be improved with insulation to provide thermal protection.
(i) 25CM of snow will provide good insulation.
(ii) Rafts, sound proofing or branches will provide insulation from ground.
(iii) A one man snow cave can be built in one hour.
(iv) In bad weather without a windbreaker an enclosed shelter is more useful than
a fire.
e. Maintain location aids.
(i) Keep battery powered equipment warm.
(ii) The insulation of a snow shelter will prevent survivors hearing SAR aircraft.
Windproof ground signals should be constructed and kept free of snow.
f. Do not travel unless habitation seen nearby or search scaled down. Travel is
strenuous and as slow as 4KM/day. Crevasses and avalanches are hazards in ice
and mountainous country.
4.7.4.3 Medical Hazards.
4.7.4.4 When outdoors, work in pairs. Observe partner to detect onset of cold injuries.
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