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1.2 RESA - Runway End Safety Area
1.2.1 RESA is the cleared and graded area adjacent to the end of a RWY or SWY intended for
use in the event of an ACFT undershooting or overrunning the RWY. In Australia, a
minimum RESA of 60M(197FT) is provided, except for RWY serving only code 1 RWY
where 30M(99FT) is the minimum.The minimum RESA for a RWY serving jet RPT ACFT
is 90M(295FT). Because of the requirement for a RESA, the declaring of less than the
full RWY length to be available for TKOF or LDG is sometimes necessary.
1.3 Aerodrome Reference Code - Code Number(CN)
1.3.1 A reference code number is provided for each RWY listed in the RDS (in brackets after
each RWY designation number). This code number indicates the maximum field length
of the aeroplane that the RWY is designed for. Code numbers and associated field lengths
are as follows:
1 - Field length of less than 800M
2 - Field length of 800M up to, but not including, 1200M
3 - Field length of 1200M up to but not including 1800M.
4 - Field length of 1800M and over.
1.3.2 Pilots should note that the field length of an aeroplane is based on the performance of
an aeroplane during certification and is not related to the actual RWY length provided at
an aerodrome.
1.3.3 Use the code number to determine the applicable standards of obstacle-clear approach
gradients, take-off gradients and take-off survey areas for the RWY. The code number
© Airservices Australia, 2005 Licensed to: Preview Licence MyAIP678901234567890 SeqId
ERSA INTRODUCTION 24-Nov-2005 INTRO - 22
is not intended to limit aircraft operations at an aerodrome. Aircraft operators and/or pilots
must ensure that the published aerodrome information meets requirements for their aircraft
operations.
1.4 Obstacle-Clear Approach Gradients
1.4.1 The obstacle-clear approach gradient is normally based on the following standard:
a. the threshold is located at least 60M from the intersection of the obstacle-clear
approach surface with the extended RWY centreline; and
b. obstacle-clear approach gradients of:
(i) 5% for a code 1 RWY or MIL Visual APCH RWY up to 800M length,
(ii) 4% for a code 2 RWY or MIL Visual APCH RWY 800M up to 1200M length,
(iii) 3.3% for a code 3 and 4 RWY, and or MIL Visual APCH RWY 1200M up to
1800M length,
(iv) 2.5% for a MIL Visual APCH RWY 1800 M and over.
(v) 3.3% for NPA Code 1, 2 or 3 RWY;
(vi) 2% for NPA Code 4 and precision APCH RWY,
(MIL RWYs: 2.0% for 3000M, then 2.5% until outer horizontal surface, then
horizontal).
1.4.2 Any variation to the standard is explained in a note under the relevant declared distances
entry.
1.5 Obstacle-Clear Take-Off Gradients
1.5.1 Areas from the ends of runways, defined in accordance with the table below, are surveyed
for obstacles. The obstacle-clear take-off gradient is based on the greatest vertical angle
with the horizontal subtended by an obstacle within the surveyed area. This gradient
information is shown in brackets immediately following the TODA information. Liaise with
the AD OPR if obstacle information is required.
1.5.2 Supplementary Take-Off Distances Available (STODA) are shown for obstacle-clear
take-off gradients (within the same defined area) of 1.6%, 1.9%, 2.2%, 2.5%, 3.3% and
5% if the TODA gradient exceeds these figures and the resultant STODA is greater than
800M.
1.5.3 Where an existing fence or levee is located very close to the RWY end, the fence or levee
may not be taken into account in the assessment of the obstacle-clear take-off gradients
for TODA and STODA purposes. In such cases, information of the height and location of
the fence or levee will be provided in a note under the relevant declared distances entry.
1.5.4 If the survey area is not in accordance with the table below, details of the actual obstacle
survey area are provided below the relevant declared distances entry.
1.6 Take-off Runway Survey Areas
Take-off Climb Surface - Dimensions Take-off Runways Code Number
1 2 3 or 4 MIL
Length of inner edge 60M 80M 180M RWS WID
Minimum distance of inner edge 30M 60M 60M CWY DIST
from RWY end @
Rate of divergence (each side) 10% 10% 12.5% 13.2%
1200M 2518M
1800M#
Final Width 380M 580M
Overall length 1600M 2500M 15000M 15,000M$
# When the take-off procedure includes changes of heading greater than 15DEG for operations
conducted in IMC or VMC by night.
@ The take-off climb surface starts from the end of clearway if a clearway is provided.
$ 3000M for RWYs < 1200M.
SLOPE: on RWY quoted is the difference between the maximum and the minimum elevation along
the centreline of the RWY divided by its length and expressed as a percentage to the nearest one-tenth
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