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(x) maintain passenger morale; and
(xi) ensure ELT is activated
1.9 Inadvertent Activation of ELT
1.9.1 If the ELT has inadvertently been activated for more than 10 secs contact SAR on 1800
815 257.
1.10 Activation of ELT
1.10.1 An Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) is a valuable search aid if an aircraft is forced
down. However, to obtain maximum benefit from the beacon and to assist search aircraft,
pilots need to observe a few guidelines for activation of the ELT.
1.10.2 If in water and the beacon is buoyant, the ELT should be activated in the water and
allowed to float to the end of the lanyard with the aerial vertical. Do not hoist the ELT up
a mast. The performance of an ELT may be degraded if it is raised above the water
surface.
1.10.3 Lives may depend on the correct use of the ELT. The manufacturer's instructions should
be studied thoroughly, and kept in the aircraft emergency kit.
1.10.4 If you are forced down the following procedure is recommended:
a. Activate the ELT immediately;
b. Where the ELT is permanently installed in the aircraft, activate the beacon in situ;
c. Where the ELT is not permanently installed in the aircraft, select an elevated site
clear of trees, boulders etc. and reasonably close to the aircraft.
d. Place the beacon on the ground on an earth mat. If an earth mat is not available,
place the ELT on the wing of the aircraft or another metal reflective surface.
e. Secure the ELT with rocks, sticks, tape etc. so that the aerial will remain vertical.
f. Remain clear of the ELT. Obstacles near the ELT will distort the radiation pattern.
g. An ELT which is damaged or under wreckage may still transmit some signal. (Always
activate the ELT).
h. Do not switch off the ELT unless rescue is no longer required.
i. To avoid confusing COSPAS/SARSAT and direction finding equipment, avoid
activating two or more ELTs within 1NM of each other.
Note: In many cases, using an earth mat will increase the effective range of a portable
ELT by 50%. A simple and effective earth mat can be made by using household
aluminium foil to make a 120CM square, folded, and taped to the unit. To use the
earth mat, unfold and place it flat on the ground, securing edges with dirt or rocks.
Activate the ELT and place it on the mat.
© Airservices Australia, 2005 Licensed to: Preview Licence MyAIP678901234567890 SeqId
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 24-Nov-2005 EMERG - 6
120 cm
FIG 1.
By joining strips of household
aluminium foil, construct a 120cm
square.
FIG 2
Carefully fold the earth mat to
a convenient size.
FIG 3.
Tie or tape the folded earth mat to your
ELT
FIG 4
If you are required to use the ELT follow
the directions listed under ?EMERGENCY
ACTIVATION OF ELT"
1.11 Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) Characteristics
1.11.1 The following characteristics pertain to ELTs:
a. Frequency 121.5MHZ and/or 243MHZ - A new type of ELT transmits on 121.5MHZ
and in very short bursts (around 1 second) on 406MHZ.
b. 121.5 and 243MHZ modualtion.
(i) continuous carrier continuously modulated at the rate of three swept tones per
second, no pauses;
(ii) some older marine beacons transmit the carrier on for one second then off for
one second, modulation three swept tones per second. This results in the tones
being received in evenly spaced groups of three with a distinct one-second
pause between groups; and
(iii) some foreign marine beacons vary from the above; eg, there is a European
beacon pulsing in groups of two tones.
1.12 Reports.
a. report all beacons received;
b. state characteristics;
c. when giving signal heard/strength fade positions, include ACFT level and squelch
disabled (MAX hash) information. This is necessary for plotting;
d. advise if signal commenced/ended gradually or abruptly; and
© Airservices Australia, 2005 Licensed to: Preview Licence MyAIP678901234567890 SeqId
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 24-Nov-2005 EMERG - 7
e. do not alter squelch setting unless requested.
Note: Rescue Co-ordination Centres can demonstrate the above signals on request.
2. AIR SEARCH PATTERNS
2.1 General
2.1.1 This section is included to assist pilots of aircraft engaged in air search operations. The
information is necessarily brief and the SAR Centre recommends that a full preflight
briefing be obtained whenever time and/or circumstances permit.
2.2 Visual Search
2.2.1 Visual search patterns are divided into six main groups, which are described briefly below.
In the diagrams "S" represents track spacing, i.e, the distance in nautical miles between
successive tracks flown by the search aircraft and will be specified by the RCC as part
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